近年來，治療注意力缺陷過動症（Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder，ADHD）的方式逐漸的往非藥物性的方式在治療改善注意力，而神經回饋訓練(Neurofeedback training)的治療方式也逐漸的發展，在臨床的研究當中已經證實神經回饋訓練可以促進認知功能的表現，特別是對ADHD的孩童。
本研究利用腦波儀結合電腦遊戲，在每次訓練前進行注意力小測驗，紀錄受測者在訓練前的注意力能力與腦波情況，接下來透過神經回饋訓練的方式在遊戲的過程中讓孩童學習認識專注與培養放鬆，在熟悉專注與放鬆後能控制它，幫助提升自己學習的效率與減緩ADHD症狀發生的頻率，在訓練後分析了訓練期間所記錄的遊戲參數與腦波原始數據，另外透過遊戲訓練的成績，分析出的遊戲參數，發現受測者在訓練難度持續增加的情況下，經由多次的訓練下來，成績是有所進步的。系統藉由孩童訓練的過程中給予的回饋與變化藉此提高孩童注意力及放鬆度。
研究對象從醫院診間找尋受測者，經由中文版SNAP-IV量表或是CPT3/K-CPT2評估，在注意力缺陷與過動衝動症狀有問題的孩童，由10男1女，年齡6歲-11歲的孩童組成，讓孩童進行14次注意力神經回饋訓練(每周2次，每次訓練間隔一天，長達1個半月)。於本研究當中，讓這些孩童事先在訓練前後進行評估注意力，探討訓練對孩童所造成的影響與改善。
本研究結果發現這些孩童在進行訓練完的注意力評估，與訓練前的注意力評估相較，在中文版SNAP-IV量表的評估方面有很顯著的進步趨勢。在CPT3/K-CPT2評估則沒有進步。比較第一次遊戲訓練與最後一次訓練的參數差異，反應時間的參數有所進步。從腦波的面相來看，遊戲訓練的Alpha波、Beta波、Theta波都有進步趨勢，而遊戲訓練的Alpha波達到顯著進步( p < .05)，注意力小測驗與遊戲訓練的Theta波達到顯著進步( p < .05)。
本訓練系統在訓練前利用了簡單的注意力小測驗，得知受測者當天的腦波狀況，並估算出一個適合受測者訓練的標準，使施測者能在訓練之中能快速進入狀況增加訓練成效，幫助ADHD的孩童改善注意力與腦波的問題。另外，在測驗完畢時系統會隨即將測驗數據以報表形式儲存，比較受測者當下的狀況來知道自己本身狀況的反應力及專注力是否有在水平之上，不僅讓受測者能知道自己的狀況，也讓我們對改善過動傾向有更進一步的了解。

In recent years, the way is a gradual non-pharmacological treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to improve attention. The treatment of Neurofeedback training is also a case in the development. In this study we assessed children with ADHD before and after training. Explore the impact of training on children. We used brainwave to combine computer game training. In the process of the training that children learn to focus and relax. And then children can further to control attention and meditation, helping to improve the efficiency of their learning and inhibit the frequency of ADHD symptoms. After training, we record the game analysis of the parameters and brainwave status. In addition, we found the progressed on children through the game training results.Through the process of children’s training to give feedback and changes to improve children's attention and meditation.
Subjects from the hospital clinic to find the subjects, through the Chinese version of the SNAP-IV scale or CPT3 / K-CPT2 assessment, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder problems with children, by 10 men and 1 female, age 6 Aged 11 years old children, so that children 14 times the attention of nerve feedback training (2 times a week, each training interval of one day, up to 1 and a half months). In this study, let these children prior to training before and after the assessment of attention to explore the impact of training on children and improve.
The results of this study found that these children in the training of attention over the evaluation, compared with the pre-training attention assessment, the Chinese version of the SNAP-IV scale assessment has a significant trend. There is no improvement in the CPT3 / K-CPT2 evaluation. Comparing the differences between the first game training and the last training, the parameters of the reaction time have improved. From the perspective of the brain waves, the game training Alpha wave, Beta wave, Theta wave has a progressive trend, while the game training Alpha wave to achieve significant progress (p <.05), attention test and game training Theta wave Achieved significant progress (p <.05).
The training system used a simple attention test before training to learn the current state of the brain waves of the subjects and estimated a standard suitable for the training of the subjects so that the surveyor could quickly enter the training The situation increases the effectiveness of training to help ADHD children improve their attention and brain waves. In addition, when the test is completed, the system will immediately store the test data in the form of a report, compare the current condition of the subject to know whether the responsiveness and concentration of the situation itself is above the level, not only the subject can know Of the situation, but also let us improve the tendency to have a better understanding.

中文摘要......................................................................................... I
Abstract......................................................................................... II
誌謝......................................................................................... V
目錄......................................................................................... VI
圖目錄......................................................................................... IX
表目錄......................................................................................... X
第一章 緒論......................................................................................... 1
1.1 研究背景......................................................................................... 1
1.2 研究動機......................................................................................... 2
1.3 研究目的......................................................................................... 3
1.4 論文架構 .........................................................................................4
第二章 文獻探討......................................................................................... 5
2.1 ADHD的介紹......................................................................................... 5
2.1.1 注意力缺陷(Inattention)......................................................................................... 5
2.1.2 過動及衝動(Hyperactivity-Impulsivity)......................................................................................... 6
2.1.3 ADHD孩子在注意力方面的問題......................................................................................... 7
2.1.4 ADHD的治療......................................................................................... 8
2.2 神經回饋訓練、BCI、與腦波性質的介紹......................................................................................... 9
2.2.1 神經回饋訓練、BCI......................................................................................... 9
2.2.2 腦波的性質.....................................................................................11
2.2.3 注意力遊戲.....................................................................................14
2.3 注意力的種類與評估工具介紹.....................................................15
2.3.1 注意力的種類.................................................................................15
2.3.2 注意力測試工具.............................................................................17
第三章 研究方法......................................................................................... 22
3.1 研究流程......................................................................................... 22
3.2 受測者與實驗環境......................................................................................... 23
3.3 研究工具......................................................................................... 24
3.3.1 腦波儀器 MindWave Mobile........................................................24
3.3.2 Unity3D 4.5 開發環境...................................................................28
3.3.3 實驗工具.........................................................................................28
3.4 實驗步驟......................................................................................... 29
3.5 神經回饋訓練介入......................................................................................... 31
3.5.1 訓練前、後小測驗......................................................................................... 31
3.5.2 遊戲訓練......................................................................................... 33
3.5.2.1 遊戲訓練關卡介紹......................................................................................... 34
3.5.2.2 遊戲參數介紹......................................................................................... 42
第四章 研究結果分析......................................................................................... 43
4.1 中文版SNAP-IV量表分析......................................................................................... 43
4.2 CPT3/K-CPT2 注意力缺失評估......................................................................................... 42
4.3 注意力小測驗參數與腦波分析......................................................................................... 48
4.4 遊戲訓練參數與腦波分析......................................................................................... 52
4.5 總結......................................................................................... 57
第五章 結論......................................................................................... 61
參考文獻......................................................................................... 65
附錄......................................................................................... 75
附錄一......................................................................................... 75
附錄二......................................................................................... 80
 
圖目錄
圖1研究流程......................................................................................... 22
圖2腦立方移動版......................................................................................... 25
圖3國際10-20腦波電極配置法......................................................................................... 26
圖4本研究實驗步驟......................................................................................... 30
圖5小測驗選擇畫面......................................................................................... 32
圖6小測驗目標物......................................................................................... 32
圖7小測驗非目標物......................................................................................... 32
圖8小測驗結果畫面......................................................................................... 32
圖9遊戲訓練系統架構圖......................................................................................... 34
圖10訓練一刺激物反應訓練(無腦波)遊戲畫面......................................................................................... 36
圖11訓練二刺激物反應訓練(結合腦波)遊戲畫面......................................................................................... 36
圖12訓練三階段性放鬆訓練遊戲畫面......................................................................................... 37
圖13訓練四階段性專注訓練遊戲畫面......................................................................................... 38
圖14訓練五持續注意力合併放鬆訓練遊戲畫面......................................................................................... 38
圖15訓練六雙項任務訓練1遊戲畫面......................................................................................... 40
圖16訓練七雙項任務訓練2遊戲畫面......................................................................................... 40
圖17訓練八選擇性注意力訓練遊戲畫......................................................................................... 41

表目錄
表1腦電波頻率與精神狀態......................................................................................... 13
表2注意力種類表......................................................................................... 16
表3 CPT3/K-CPT2比較表......................................................................................... 18
表4受測者在CPT3/K-CPT2與SNAP-IV診斷情況......................................................................................... 23
表5 eSense數值程度解釋......................................................................................... 27
表6訓練1、2、7、8出現的刺激物顯示時間......................................................................................... 35
表7 SNAP-IV量表在訓練前後注意力缺陷與過動/衝動評分的樣本統計......................................................................................... 44
表8 SNAP-IV量表在訓練前後注意力缺陷與過動/衝動評分的成對樣本檢定......................................................................................... 44
表9 訓練前後CPT3/K-CPT2注意力缺陷評估之訓練前(pre)/後(post)T分數成對樣本統計量 46
表10 CPT3/K-CPT2注意力缺陷評估在訓練前後，注意力缺陷與過動症評分的成對樣本檢定 47
表11 小測驗第1次與第14次所有分析參數的成對樣本統計量......................................................................................... 48
表12 小測驗第1次與第14次所有分析參數的成對樣本檢定......................................................................................... 49
表13 小測驗各項腦波的成對樣本統計量 50.........................................................................................
表14 小測驗各項腦波的成對樣本檢定......................................................................................... 51
表15第1次訓練與最後1次(第14次)訓練各項參數的成對樣本統計量......................................................................................... 53
表16 第1次訓練與最後1次(第14次)訓練各項參數的成對樣本檢定......................................................................................... 53
表17 第1次訓練與最後1次(第14次)訓練各項腦波的成對樣本統計量......................................................................................... 55
表18第1次訓練與最後1次(第14次)訓練各項腦波的成對樣本檢定......................................................................................... 56
表19 SNAP-IV量表與CPT3/K-CPT2評估比較訓練前後比較......................................................................................... 58
表20 小測驗與遊戲訓練參數比較......................................................................................... 59
表21 小測驗與遊戲訓練腦波比較......................................................................................... 60
表22遊戲訓練受測者原始α波......................................................................................... 75
表23遊戲訓練受測者原始β波......................................................................................... 76
表24遊戲訓練受測者原始γ波......................................................................................... 77
表25遊戲訓練受測者原始θ波......................................................................................... 78
表26遊戲訓練受測者原始δ波......................................................................................... 79
表27遊戲訓練受測者反應時間參數成績......................................................................................... 80
表28遊戲訓練受測者衝動率參數成績......................................................................................... 81
表29遊戲訓練受測者遺漏率參數成績......................................................................................... 82
表30遊戲訓練受測者錯誤率參數成績......................................................................................... 83

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