臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

時代變遷與進步，伴隨高科技產業蓬勃，機械業走向高精度，機件與傳動件(如軸承、滾珠螺桿等等)扮演著關鍵的角色，滾動軸承及螺桿等機械元件最常發生的表面失效現象為點蝕，另外臨時失效則由擦損造成，如何選擇適當潤滑油以降低機件表面損傷程度，延長機件壽命、提升機台加工精度、增加生產效率及降低電量消耗，成為機械、能源及電子等領域之探討主題，。本論文主要探討添加不同含量二烷基二硫代磷酸鋅(Zinc Dialkyl Dithiophosphates)添加劑，利用四球磨潤實驗，研討有否磨合過程(Run-in)及進行不同轉速階梯負荷運轉；對表面形貌、磨潤性能及點蝕面積之影響，進一步了解磨合過程對提升磨潤性能的影響。
本研究顯示，使用R100循環油在有無磨合過程的比較，發現有磨合磨耗與摩擦係數優於無磨合情況，且擦損延後發生；添加不同含量ZDDP的潤滑油在有磨合情況下，0.5、1.0 Wt%ZDDP的潤滑油其點蝕磨耗性能優於其他不同含量潤滑油；並且添加0.5、1.0 Wt%ZDDP磨耗與點蝕也優於有磨合的R100潤滑油。添加不同含量ZDDP在有磨合情況下，摩擦係數高於無磨合添加ZDDP的情況，推測原因添加不同含量ZDDP在磨合過程後，接觸面間表面形成固體狀反應膜，抑制流體薄膜進入接觸區，導致增加固體間接觸負荷比，產生高摩擦。

With the progress of the times, high-tech industry change rapidly, the machinery industry is moving toward high precision, machine member and transmission element (such as bearings, ball screws, etc.) play a key role, The most common surface failure phenomenon of mechanical components such as rolling bearings and screws is pitting. In addition, the temporary failure is caused by the scuffing. How to choose the right lubricant, reduce the surface damage of the machine, extending the machine life, improving the machine machining accuracy, increasing production efficiency and reducing power consumption. Becomes the subject of discussion in the fields of machinery, energy and electronics. This paper mainly discusses the addition of different content of zinc dialkyl dithiophosphates, using the four-ball tribology experiment to discuss whether there is a running-in process and to carry out step loads operation at different speeds; the effects on the surface topography, tribology performance, pitting area, and further understanding the effect of the running-in process on improving the tribology performance.
This study shows that the use of R100 circulating oil in the presence or absence of running-in comparison, found that the running-in wear and friction coefficient is better than no running-in, and the scuffing occurs after the delay. Lubricating oil with different content of ZDDP is better than other different lubricating oils in the lubricating oil of 0.5 and 1.0 Wt% ZDDP, adding 0.5, 1.0 Wt% ZDDP wear and pitting is also better than the R100 lubricant with running-in, adding different content of ZDDP in the case of running-in, the friction coefficient is higher than that of ZDDP without running-in. It is speculated that the reason for adding different content of ZDDP after the running-in process is a solid reaction film is formed on the surface between the contact faces, suppressing the fluid film from entering the contact region, resulting in an increase in the contact load ratio between the solids, produced high friction.

摘要............i
Abstract........ii
誌謝.............iv
目錄..............v
表目錄.............viii
圖目錄..............ix
符號說明.............xvi
第一章 緒論...........1
1.1 前言..............1
1.2 研究動機...........1
1.3 論文架構...........2
1.4 文獻回顧...........3
1.4.1. 點蝕(Pitting)...........3
1.4.2. 磨合過程(Running-in)...........3
1.4.3. Zinc Dialkyl Dithiophosphates摩擦膜(Tribofilm)形成機理...........3
1.4.4. ZDDP添加比例...........5
1.4.5. ZDDP添加水分影響...........5
第二章 基礎理論...........6
2.1 點蝕定義(Pitting definition)...........6
2.2 表面疲勞失效(Surface fatigue failure)...........6
2.3 擦損(Scuffing)...........6
2.4 潤滑油添加劑效益...........6
2.5 磨潤理論...........7
2.6 史崔拜克理論...........7
2.6.1. 邊界潤滑(Boundary lubrication)...........8
2.6.2. 混合潤滑(Mixed film lubrication)...........8
2.6.3. 厚膜潤滑(Thick film lubrication)...........8
2.7 赫茲接觸理論...........9
2.8 油膜厚度理論...........11
第三章 研究內容與實驗方法...........14
3.1 實驗鋼珠.......................14
3.1.1. 實驗鋼珠性質.................14
3.1.2. 實驗鋼珠表面粗糙度 ...........15
3.1.3. 四球摩擦係數.................15
3.1.4. 四球接觸時接觸面壓............16
3.2 實驗潤滑劑、添加劑性質............17
3.2.1. R100循環機油..................17
3.2.2. ZDDP抗磨添加劑(Zinc Dialkyl Dithiophosphates)...........17
3.3 實驗設備..................18
3.3.1. 四球式磨潤實驗機台 ...........18
3.3.2. 油循環加熱系統................19
3.3.3. 溫控器與加熱帶................20
3.3.4. 蠕動泵浦與矽膠軟管 ............20
3.3.5. 荷重元(Load cell).............20
3.3.6. 加速規(Accelerometer)..........21
3.3.7. 熱電偶(Thermocouple)...........22
3.3.8. 光學顯微鏡 (Optical Microscope)...23
3.3.9. 光學粗度儀...........24
3.3.10. 超音波震盪機...........24
3.3.11. 奧斯窩毛細管運動黏度計...25
3.3.12. 卡氏水分測定儀...........26
3.3.13. 電位差自動滴定儀...........26
3.3.14. 鐵粉濃度計(潤滑油)...........27
3.4 實驗流程..........................28
第四章 結果與討論...........30
4.1 實驗參數.................30
4.2 磨合過程中磨潤性能分析...........31
4.2.1. 摩擦係數與油溫分析............31
4.2.2. 磨痕直徑與形貌變化............33
4.3 有無磨合過程轉速900 rpm階梯負荷磨潤性能分析...34
4.3.1. 潤滑油黏度變化...........34
4.3.2. 潤滑油酸價變化...........36
4.3.3. 摩擦係數與油溫分析 ...........37
4.3.4. 振動訊號分析.................40
4.3.5. 磨痕直徑與形貌變化............43
4.4 無磨合過程不同轉速階梯負荷磨潤性能分析......46
4.4.1. 摩擦係數與油溫分析 ...........46
4.4.2. 振動訊號分析...........49
4.4.3. 磨痕直徑與形貌變化...........54
4.5 無磨合過程不同轉速固定負荷磨潤性能分析.......58
4.5.1. 摩擦係數與油溫分析.............58
4.5.2. 振動訊號分析...................61
4.5.3. 磨痕直徑與形貌變化 .............66
4.6 點蝕面積分析......................70
第五章 結論與未來展望..................73
5.1 結論..............................73
5.1.1. ZDDP在有無磨合過程之差異.........73
5.1.2. 不同速度下磨潤性能分析............73
5.1.3. 磨痕直徑與形貌分析................74
5.1.4. 點蝕面積分析......................75
5.2 未來展望.............................75
參考文獻 .................................76
Extended Abstract.........................81

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