臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

隨著工業4.0生產模式的改變，強調物聯網、智能工廠、彈性製造、區域生產及數位化流程，而3D列印屬於數位化流程，本研究將其應用於運動鞋中底，從2015年adidas、Nike、New Balance、Under Armour皆發表運動鞋3D列印中底的技術，由技術及特性來看，完全符合各品牌未來對市場變化的願景。由於中底在功能物性上需要高反彈及緩衝吸震特性，直接以3D列印彈性材料如TPU、TPEE等的中底，並無法達到所需要的功能物性，因此必須在鞋中底幾何外型上加上多孔性結構設計，才有可能滿足中底的功能設計。而製程昂貴的積層製造技術必需藉由CAE模擬分析，預估設計結構強度避免過多的資源消耗，進而降低整體結構及製程開發成本。現階段積層製造在有限元素分析上大多以實體元素模型作為模擬分析的依據，但在分析整體的結構強度及變形時，其元素及節點數量過多，將導致求解時間過長且易造成電腦當機，所以必須使用簡化的模型或是樑元素、殼元素進行模擬分析，以增加工作效率。本篇論文以模擬分析及最佳化工具針對結構幾何設計進行壓縮模擬及尺寸最佳化分析，探討利用樑元素所建立之模型壓縮性質，藉由比對實驗結果並參考模擬分析與實驗誤差率，建立一套尺寸最佳化流程，能夠在投入製程前進行篩選，減少製程成本。
本研究探討利用有限元分析軟體-Abaqus建立樑元素模型，並使用參數最佳化分析軟體-Isight使設計參數透過試驗設計達到多孔性結構尺寸最佳化，為增加樑元素模型及Isight最佳化結果可靠性，利用Rhinoceros 3D將多孔性結構改為尺寸最佳化分析結果之數值，以Abaqus及ANSYS進行實體元素模擬分析，並將選擇性雷射燒結製程之TPU-92A粉末材料試片進行壓縮測試，將實驗結果與分析結果互相比對。本研究結果為建立超彈性材料模型時必須定義材料壓縮數據；實驗結果與樑元素及實體元素分析結果比對，其誤差率皆在20%以內；另外透過Tosca及Isight尺寸最佳化結果比較，優化部分可直接於Isight分析結果作選擇。最後透過樑元素模擬分析預測壓縮特性以及尺寸最佳化方法，本研究建立一套流程，提供未來工程應用能縮短開發時間提高生產效能。

Along with the industry 4.0 production pattern change, the Internet of Things(IoT), the Intelligent plant, the Flexible Manufacturing System, the region production and the digitizing flow, while the 3D printing belongs to the digitizing flow, this research applies it in the athletic shoes the midsole, form 2015 adidas, Nike, New Balance, Under Armour all published the technique of athletic shoes 3D printing the midsole, looked by the technique and the characteristic, will conform to various brands completely future to the market shift prospect. Because of the midsole needs the high resilience and the cushion in the function nature attracts shakes the characteristic, directly by 3D printing elastic material like TPU, TPEE and so on the midsole, is unable to achieve needs function nature, therefore must in the midsole geometry outlook add on the porous structural design in the shoes, only than has the possibility to satisfy the midsole functional design. The expensive Additive Manufacturing must be by CAE simulation analysis, estimated the design structural strength avoids the excessively many resources consumption, than reduces the overall construction and the system regulation development cost. The present stage Additive Manufacturing mostly to take the simulation analysis in the limited analysis by the entity element model the basis, but when analysis whole structural strength and distortion, its element and node quantity excessively are many, will cause the solution time to be too long and create the computer to crash, therefore will have to use the simplify model or beam element, shell element which will simplify carries on the simulation analysis, will increase the working efficiency.
This research discussion establishes the beam element model using finite analysis software-Abaqus, and operating parameter optimization analysis software-Isight enables the design parameters through the Design of experiments to achieve the porous structure sizing optimization, for increases the beam element model and the Isight optimization result reliability, changes using Rhinoceros 3D the porous structure value of the sizing optimization analysis result, carries on the solid element simulation analysis by Abaqus and ANSYS, and carries on TPU-92A of powder material test piece of the Selective Laser Sintering process is subjected to compression test, will test the result and the analysis result mutually compared to right. This research findings for establishment Hyperelastic material model when must define the material compression test; The experiment results compared with the analysis results of the beam element and the solid element, its error coefficient all in 20%; In addition, through Tosca and Isight sizing optimization result comparison, the optimization section can be selected directly from Isight analysis results. Finally, the prediction of compression characteristics and size optimization by beam element simulation analysis, this research establishes a set of processes, will provide future engineering applications to be able to reduce the development time and enhance production efficiency.

摘要...i
Abstract...iii
誌謝...v
目錄...vi
表目錄...viii
圖目錄...ix
符號說明...xi
第一章 緒論...1
1.1 研究背景...1
1.2 研究動機與目的...2
1.3 文獻回顧...2
1.3.1 多孔性結構應用...2
1.3.2 多孔性結構之有限元分析...3
1.4 研究方法...4
1.5 論文架構...5
第二章 基礎理論...6
2.1 積層製造-選擇性雷射燒結(SLS)...6
2.1.1 選擇性雷射燒結製程原理...6
2.1.2 SLS製程參數所造成缺陷...7
2.2 TPU介紹...7
2.3 有限元素分析...7
2.3.1 Abaqus-隱式靜態分析...8
2.3.2 樑元素模型...10
2.4 Isight-試驗設計...11
2.5 Tosca-非參數最佳化分析...13
2.6 ASTM-D575國際標準測試規範...14
第三章 研究內容與方法...15
3.1 分析實驗流程...15
3.2 有限元素模型建立...16
3.2.1 超彈性材料模型...16
3.2.2模型交互作用特性...17
3.2.3 實體元素及樑元素網格類型...17
3.2.4 樑元素及實體元素模型建立...18
3.2.4.1 樑元素模型...18
3.2.5 收斂性分析...21
3.3 參數最佳化分析...21
3.3.1 最佳化模組建立...21
3.3.2 參數關係式計算式...23
3.3.3 模組參數設定...26
3.4 非參數最佳化分析...29
3.5 實驗測試方法...30
3.5.1 試片製作...30
3.5.2 實驗介紹...30
3.5.3 實驗儀器...30
3.5.4 實驗方法...31
第四章 結果與討論...32
4.1 Isight最佳化分析結果驗證...33
4.2 試片製作結果...33
4.3 實驗之有限元素分析驗證...35
4.3.1 分析結果比對...35
4.3.2 結構優化設計...39
4.4 收斂性分析結果...40
第五章 結論與未來展望...46
5.1 結論...46
5.2 未來展望...46
參考文獻...47
英文論文大綱(Extended Abstract)...50

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