臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本文提出一多級LLC直流-直流太陽能最大功率追蹤系統，以配合實現大容量微電網發電系統之發展方向。本研究提出之電路架構為多組串接LLC諧振轉換器，用於追蹤太陽能之最大功率點，提供微電網系統所需之三線直流匯流排輸出電壓(±380V)。本文利用LLC諧振電路轉換器特性，使主動開關在切換時做零電壓切換，提高電路效率。直流匯流排以六組LLC諧振電路轉換器串接而成，正負輸出直流匯流排各由三組轉換器模組組成，將多組轉換器系統以串接實現來達到系統之可擴充性，此電路架構可擴充至中壓併網系統，本系統亦可避免轉換器損壞時直流匯流排電壓過低，失效之轉換器所需提供之輸出電壓，則以正常工作之其它轉換器來補足，防止輸出中斷。本文所採用太陽能之最大功率追蹤法則，為全域型功率比較法以及擾動觀察法(P&O,Perturbation and Observation Method )，來調整LLC諧振轉換器主動開關頻率，控制LLC諧振轉換器之增益值，使太陽能板操作於最大功率點，以解決太陽能板在部分遮蔭下，電壓-電流曲線有多峰值之問題，在單組系統內加入太陽能板全域型功率比較法，避免其遮蔭之最大功率追蹤問題。系統是以多組串接方式完成，故藉由RS-485作溝通，使單組系統能相互得知操作模式及參數。最後，以實作六組1kW LLC直流-直流太陽能最大功率追蹤系統，以驗證其可行性以及正確性。

This thesis proposes the design and implementation of a multi-level LLC DC-DC PV system with maximum power point tracker for large scale micro-grid system. The multi-level LLC converters includes six LLC modules to supply ±380V output voltage and tracking the maximum power point. The LLC converter is adopted to achieve high efficiency with low switching losses because of ZVS in a LLC resonant tank. To improve the system flexibility and reliability, the redundancy of the LLC DC/DC modules is achieved with adjusting the switching frequency of LLC converters.
The global power compared algorithm with perturb-and-observe method is implemented using RX-62T MCU to track the peak power point of the PV system under the shading condition. The PV voltage, PV current, irradiation, PV power, and DC voltage are measured, and the RS-485 networking platform are developed to construct a real-time intelligent MPPT system for grid-connected PV applications of high-power system.
Finally, a 6kW prototype is implemented and verified the proposed control method for multi-level LLC DC/DC PV system.

摘要..........................................................i
Abstract.....................................................ii
誌謝........................................................iii
目錄.........................................................iv
表目錄.......................................................vi
圖目錄......................................................vii
第一章 緒論...................................................1
1.1研究背景及目的.............................................1
1.2文獻探討...................................................3
1.3論文架構...................................................4
第二章 諧振式電源轉換器 ......................................5
2.1硬切式轉換器與軟切式轉換器...................................5
2.2諧振式轉換器...............................................6
2.2.1串聯型諧振式電路.........................................6
2.2.2並聯諧振式電路...........................................7
2.2.3 LCC串並聯諧振式電路.....................................7
2.2.4 LLC串並聯式諧振電路.....................................8
2.3橋式LLC諧振式轉換器........................................8
2.3.2 LLC諧振電路第一操作區間動作原理..........................11
2.3.3 LLC諧振電路第二操作區間動作原理..........................15
第三章 太陽能板特性與最大功率追蹤法............................20
3.1太陽能板特性..............................................20
3.1.1太陽能板原理與種類......................................20
3.1.2太陽能板特性............................................21
3.2太陽能板最大功率追蹤法....................................23
3.2.1擾動觀察法..............................................24
3.2.2電壓回授法..............................................24
3.2.3功率回授法..............................................25
3.2.4三點權位法..............................................25
3.3太陽能遮蔭情況最大功率追蹤法................................25
3.3.1功率增量法[13]..........................................29
3.3.2功率曲線斜率法[13]......................................30
3.3.3功率估測法[13]..........................................30
3.3.4斐波那契搜尋法..........................................30
3.3.5全域型功率比較法........................................30
3.4本章小結..................................................31
第四章 硬體設計與軟體規劃....................................32
4.1硬體設計..................................................32
4.1.1電壓偵測電路............................................33
4.1.2電流偵測電路............................................34
4.1.3功率開關................................................34
4.1.4功率開關驅動電路........................................34
4.1.5電壓箝位電路............................................35
4.2軟體設計..................................................36
4.2.1微控制介紹..............................................36
4.2.2系統軟體介紹............................................38
4.2.3保護副程式..............................................39
4.2.4太陽能最大功率追蹤程式..................................39
4.2.5系統內溝通用RS-485 匯流排...............................41
第五章 系統模擬與實測結果....................................42
5.1電路規格..................................................42
5.1.1 LLC諧振式轉換器參數設計................................42
5.2電路模擬..................................................46
5.3硬體實驗結果..............................................50
5.3.1LLC諧振電路測試.........................................51
5.3.2太陽能最大功率追蹤測試..................................53
5.3.3系統串接測試............................................56
5.4內部溝通RS-485實驗結果....................................58
5.5LabView 介面..............................................59
第六章 結論與未來展望........................................61
6.1結論......................................................61
6.2未來展望..................................................61
Extended Abstract............................................64
Abstract.....................................................64
1.The introduction of LLC DC/DC Converter....................65
2.The introduction of Photovoltaic...........................65
3.Experimental Results.......................................66

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