臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

在存貨管理上，如何降低缺貨發生，降低系統總成本，是提高系統績效的重要課題。本研究考慮一二階存貨模型，此模型是由上下游兩個存貨系統所組成的。而這兩階段的存貨系統的存貨量具有相依關係，也就是說下游的產品製造是需要提取上游的物項存量而來的，並且在此系統架構下，該生產型態為由多種的原物料項生產出多種的半成品或成品，也就是說此系統又包含了多物項的關係。因此，若要有效管理存貨來提高系統績效，勢必需要考慮此系統之多物項關係與二階存貨系統下的物項相依關係。
因此本研究將針對上述之二階存貨系統，提出同時考量二階存貨系統的協同存貨策略，此策略考量了二階存貨系統中的多物項特性與物項間相依性，並以服務水準、相關成本等績效指標與其他策略進行策略比較。再利用變動顧客的需求、需求的變異係數、前置時間平均與前置時間變異係數做系統的模擬研究，分析導入各策略對系統的績效影響以及各策略在表現上的差異與趨勢。最後從比較中顯示所提之協同存貨策略能改善存貨系統的總成本，因此協同策略可提供改善二階存貨系統績效的參考。

In the inventory management, in order to increase the performance of the system, reducing the supply shortage and total cost of the system are the important issues. This research considers a two-level inventory simulation model which is composed of two inventory stages, raw materials and finished goods (semi-products).
In the two phases of the inventory system, the quantity of inventory has dependent relationship. In other words, the manufacturing of products at the second stage needs the inventoried materials at the first stage. In addition, multiple products/semi-products and multiple items at the two stages are considered.Therefore, in order to increase the effectiveness of the inventory management of such systems, It is necessary to consider the properties of multiple items and the dependent relationship between the inventories of the two stages.
In accordance with the system, this research focuses on the two-level inventory model and proposes a strategy that takes into consideration the interrelationship between the two stages as well as among the item. The proposed policy is compared with other policies based on performance indexes which include the service level and related costs. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis is conducted on system parameters, including the customer demand, the coefficient of variation of demand, the average lead time and the coefficient of variation of lead time. It also discusses the influences and differences of the various strategies on system performance. Finally, according to the analysis, it can be shown that the proposed strategy can improve the performance of an inventory system.

目 錄
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
誌 謝 IV
目 錄 V
表目錄 VIII
圖目錄 X
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.2 研究目的 3
1.3 研究架構 4
第二章 文獻探討 6
2.1 供應鏈管理基本概念 6
2.1.1 供應鏈管理之定義 6
2.1.2 供應鏈管理之效益 7
2.2 存貨管理基本概念 9
2.2.1 存貨之定義 9
2.2.2 存貨系統策略 10
2.2.2.1 連續訂購制 10
2.2.2.2 定期盤存制 12
2.3 供應鏈多階存貨管理模型 16
2.4 系統模擬基本概念 20
2.4.1 模擬之定義 20
2.4.2 模擬之優缺點 21
2.4.3 執行模擬的程序 22
2.5小結 24
第三章 系統介紹與策略建構 25
3.1 系統介紹 25
3.2 研究假設與限制 27
3.3 分散式存貨策略 27
3.4 連串存貨策略 30
3.4.1 策略演算步驟 32
3.5 協同存貨策略 33
3.6 小結 40
第四章 存貨策略比較與敏感性分析 41
4.1 實驗範例與相關參數說明 41
4.1.1系統參數之設定 41
4.1.2 模擬相關確認 42
4.1.3 策略模擬與績效指標 44
4.2 產能與需求變動之比較分析 45
4.2.1平均周需求為100單位之模擬結果 45
4.2.2平均周需求為400單位之模擬結果 49
4.2.3 平均周需求為800單位之模擬結果 53
4.2.4 不同周需求平均之結果比較 57
4.3變動需求變異之模擬結果比較 59
4.4 變動前置時間平均值之模擬結果比較 64
4.5 變動前置時間變異之模擬結果比較 67
4.6 實際案例的應用 72
4.7小結 77
第五章 結論與未來研究 81
5.1結論 81
5.2 未來研究 82
參考文獻 84
附錄A 模擬次數之檢測 88

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