臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

由於科技的快速發展，五軸工具機的加工技術日新月異，相對加工精度要求也越來越高，對於工具機的精度而言，其中熱變形是影響加工精度的關鍵因素，因此近年來熱變形補償的技術逐漸受到重視，如何抑制熱源的產生或是藉由控制器的補償減小熱變形導致的誤差將是未來不可或缺的一項議題。有鑑於此，本研究針對現今應用廣泛的五軸工具機進行熱變形的檢測，五軸工具機相較於一般的三軸工具機多了兩個旋轉軸，能夠加工出較複雜的幾何外型，但同時也須考慮旋轉軸所帶來的誤差。對於工具機熱變形方面，其主軸與線性軸的熱變形檢驗已逐漸成熟，且量測方法已有一套國際標準規範，但旋轉軸熱變形的量測方法目前尚未包含在任何國際標準中，因此本研究參考相關文獻，使用不同方式以及檢測儀器進行旋轉軸的熱變形量測。研究架構主要分為三個部分，第一部分著重於溫度與熱變形數據的蒐集，利用循圓量測儀、渦電流位移計與旋轉軸校正儀等不同儀器量測出五軸工具機B軸與C軸之熱誤差，第二部分為建立數學模型，藉由迴歸分析找出溫度與熱變形量間的關係式，並透過模型預測當前溫度變化所對應的熱變形量，將預測值以手動座標偏移的方式補償至控制器中抑制熱變形的產生，同時與未補償的數據進行比較，以驗證本實驗量測方法的可行性。經實驗補償後B軸溫升6°C約改善65%的熱變形誤差，C軸溫升8°C約改善75%的熱變形誤差。最後因應工業4.0與智慧化工廠發展的趨勢，本研究建置一工具機遠端監控系統，藉由通訊協定與控制器進行連線並透過系統即時監控機台加工與溫升狀態，同時將資訊發佈至雲端平台，讓使用者可透過網路隨時掌握機台狀況。

Due to the rapid development of the machinery industry, the processing technology of five-axis machine tools is be improved every day. The requirements of machining accuracy are more and higher. However, thermal errors of machine tools are one of the major sources of inaccuracy. The thermal deformation compensation has been paid attention to the industry in recent years. Accordingly, reducing thermal deviation is an indispensable problem in the future. The thermal deformation errors of rotary axes of the five-axis machine tool are measured in this study. The inspection methods for the thermal deformation of machine tools of the spindle and linear axis have international standard specifications. However, the inspection methods of the rotary axes thermal deformation are not included in any international standard yet. Therefore, this study refers to the references [16][21][25], propose the methods to measure the thermal deformation of the rotary axes. The content of this study is divided into three parts. The first part focuses on the measurement methods of the thermal deformation errors of the rotary axes. The measurement methods are using different instruments such as double ball bar, inductive gauging sensor, and rotary axis calibrator to measure. The second part is establishing the model for predicting the thermal displacement of rotary axes. The linear and polynomial regression analysis were used to model in this study. Finally, the remote monitoring system for machine tools was built in this study in response to the trend of Industry 4.0 and an intellectual factory. The remote monitoring system connects the controller of the machine tool by the library and communication protocols. In addition, the processing and temperature statuses were monitored by this system. At the same time, the processing information is released to the cloud platform, so that users can monitor the processing status of the machine tool by the network.

摘要..........i
Abstract..........ii
誌謝..........iii
目錄..........iv
表目錄..........vi
圖目錄..........vii
符號說明..........ix
第 一 章 緒論..........1
1.1 研究背景與動機..........1
1.2 研究目的..........2
1.3 論文架構..........2
第 二 章 文獻探討..........3
2.1 工具機熱變形補償的相關研究..........3
2.2 旋轉軸熱變形檢測方法相關研究..........8
第 三 章 研究架構與方法..........12
3.1 研究架構與流程..........12
3.2 硬體設備與儀器介紹..........12
3.2.1 量測儀器介紹..........13
3.2.2 實驗機台介紹..........15
3.3 工具機熱變形量測國際標準規範..........15
3.4 旋轉軸熱變形量測..........17
3.4.1 溫度與位移感測器的硬體架設..........17
3.4.2 C軸熱變形誤差量測..........18
3.4.3 B軸熱變形誤差量測..........28
3.5 熱變形數學模型建立..........29
3.6 機台通訊與雲端監控系統..........31
3.6.1 智研控制器連線與通訊..........31
3.6.2 雲端監控系統..........32
第 四 章 實驗結果..........35
4.1 熱變形量測實驗..........35
4.1.1 溫度與位移擷取整合系統建置..........35
4.1.2 旋轉軸溫度變化量測結果..........36
4.1.3 各項誤差溫升前的重複精度..........37
4.1.4 B軸線性熱變形誤差..........37
4.1.5 C軸線性熱變形誤差..........39
4.1.6 C軸角度熱變形誤差..........41
4.2 迴歸分析之熱變形建模..........44
4.3 旋轉軸熱變形的補償..........47
4.4 工具機遠端與雲端監控系統介面..........47
4.4.1 遠端監控系統介面..........48
4.4.2 熱變形即時預測系統介面..........48
4.4.3 雲端監控系統介面..........49
第 五 章 結論與未來展望..........51
參考文獻..........52
Extended Abstract..........54

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