臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

隨著科技與網路通訊的進步，近年來人手一機已是十分普遍。而智慧型手機與網路
的發達，使人們的生活更加便利，能在任何地方使用手機來收發電子郵件、進行娛樂遊
戲或使用社交軟體…等，因此人們對手機的依賴性大幅提升。然而，長時間近距離用眼，
使得睫狀肌持續收縮緊繃，肌肉一直充血僵硬的狀態，會造成眼睛調節力變差，長期下
來可能導致眼睛過勞。而這樣的傷害是漸漸累積而成，所以容易被人們忽視。已許多研
究探討手機閱讀和手機視距之關聯，視距量測方法相當多元，但普遍的量測方式是需要
人力、設備昂貴且精準度較差。因此，為避免上述缺點，本研究利用Arduino nano 微處
理器套件及US-100 超音波感測器開發一款穿戴式手機視距量測儀(SVDM)。本研究透過
文獻探討與相關資料收集和分析，提出穿戴式手機視距量測儀之設計方針，並藉由設計
方針提出之核心需求以發展概念設計，接著藉由電腦3D 建模，將抽象的穿戴式手機視
距量測儀構想，轉化為具體產品。然而，為了檢驗此設備的可靠度，本研究依序進行兩
個實驗: (一)探討零件之精準度。此一實驗目的主要針對US-100 超音波感測器之精度
進行檢驗，由超音波量測七個已知長度之距離，以實際距離值與超音波感測器量測值之
差，作為該量測距離的誤差值，其結果顯示超音波感測器的量測誤差範圍最大誤差
(0.04cm)與最小誤差(0.01cm)，符合原廠所提供的精度範圍(±0.1cm)。(二)探討SVDM
應用之可行性。此一實驗主要針對SVDM 之精度進行檢驗，將SVDM 配戴於人體模型
上，並固定眼球與手機之間距離，由SVDM 量測五個已知長度之距離，檢驗其量測誤
差。結果顯示，SVDM 之量測誤差範圍為最大誤差(3.42cm)與最小誤差(2.02cm)，此誤
差比超音波感測器的廠牌精度(±0.1cm)大，為降低此誤差，使量測質更接近實際距離值，
本研究採用簡單迴歸分析方法，經校正後，再次以五個已知長度之距離進行評估實驗，
評估結果顯示，SVDM 之量測誤差範圍為0.43cm~ -0.38cm。最後，根據評估結果並討
論設計方針之適切性，提出設計方針之修正建議，進而提供後續研究改進與研究方向。

With the advancement of network communication technology, the penetration rate of smartphones is increasing in recent years. Today, users rely more on smartphones to communicate with friends, to read documents, to take pictures, and even to pay on lines.Therefore,smartphones have become a necessity in our daily lives.

However, the use of smartphones would cause eye fatigues over time,which may result in poor eye-adjusting ability and eye diseases.This kind of damage is gradually caused and easily overlooked by people. At present, there are many studies on the relationship between smartphone reading and viewing distance of smartphones. The measurement methods of viewing distance are quite diverse, but most of them are expensive and less accurate, and require users to manipulate. Therefore, this study developed a wearable Smartphone viewing distance measuring instrument (SVDM) embedded with the Arduino nano and the US-100 ultrasonic sensor to avoid these shortcomings.

Based on the literature review and related data collection and analysis, this study proposed the design principle of the wearable device for measuring viewing distances of using smartphones. Based on the design principle, innovative concepts were proposed, and then evaluated. Finally a SVDM prototype design was created.

Thereafter, this study conducts two experiments in sequence to test the reliability of the SVDM. Firstly, the accuracy of the component, US-100, was tested. It was used to measure seven assigned distances called the real distances (RDs). The measured distances were called MDs. The results showed that the differences between RDs and MRs were ranged from 0.04 cm to 0.01 cm, which are in the accuracy range (±0.1 cm) claimed by the manufacturer.

Next, the measurement accuracy of the SVDM was tested. The SVDM was worn on the manikin and measured the five assigned distances (25cm.30cm.35cm.40cm.45cm).The results showed that the differences between RDs and MDs were in range of 2.02cm to 3.42cm,which are larger than the component sensitivity (±0.1 cm) the manufacturer claimed.To reduce the deviation, this study performed the regression analysis to find the regression equation for predicting RDs (pMDs) by MDs; and Coded the regression equation to the Arduino.After that, the accuracy of the SVDM was tested again. The results showed that the differences between RDs and pMDs were ranged from 0.43cm~-0.38cm. This tolerance was much more close to the component sensitivity (±0.1 cm).

Finally, applicability of the SVDM was discussed; and the design guidelines of the SVDM were also discussed and modified for further improvements of the design.

摘要………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………i
Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………ii
誌謝……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………iv
目錄……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………v
表目錄……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………viii
圖目錄………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………ix
第一章緒論…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………1
1.1 研究背景和動機……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………1
1.2 研究目的……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………1
1.3 研究範圍與限制……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………2
1.4 研究架構……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………2
第二章文獻探討………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………4
2.1 人類眼球構造與運動……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………4
2.2 手機對人體造成的危害與原因………………………………………………………………………………………………………………5
2.2.1 視覺疲勞………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………5
2.2.2 視覺細胞受損……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………5
2.2.3 影響睡眠品質……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………6
2.3 現有視距量測方法………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………6
2.4 設計程序(Design procedure) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………7
2.4 品質機能展開………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………12
第三章設計研究……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………15
3.1 現有視距量測方法分析……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………15
3.1.1 研究程序……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………15
3.1.2 研究結果……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………15
3.1.3 小結.…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………18
3.2 微機電技術與選用設備……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………18
3.2.1 研究程序……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………18
3.2.2 研究結果……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………19
3.2.3 小結……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………20
3.3 超音波感測器………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………20
3.3.1 研究程序……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………20
3.3.2 超音波測距原理……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………21
3.3.3 距離量測之超音波感測器…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………23
3.3.4 研究結果……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………24
3.4 US-100 超音波感測器精準度評估……………………………………………………………………………………………………25
3.4.1 檢測設備……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………25
3.4.2 實驗程序……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………26
3.4.3 研究結果……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………27
3.4.7 小結……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………28
3.5 超音波旋轉角度…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………28
3.5.1 研究程序……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………31
3.5.2 小結……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………34
3.6 人體計測-頭部尺寸…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………34
3.6.1 人體計測資料庫來源…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………34
3.6.2 人體計測資料選用原則………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………35
3.6.3 本研究選用之人體特徵計測值………………………………………………………………………………………………………35
3.6.3 小結……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………38
第四章設計方針……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………39
4.1 效率…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………39
4.2 精準度………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………40
4.3 準確性………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………40
4.4 配戴性方便……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………40
4.5 尺寸…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………41
4.6 小結…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………41
第五章SVDM 設計提案………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………42
5.1 第一代SVDM 外型設計……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………42
5.2 第二代SVDM 外型設計……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………44
5.3 SVDM 設計提案比較…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………47
5.4 具體化設計……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………49
5.4.1 第一代3D建模………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………50
5.4.2 第一代原型製作……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………51
5.4.3 第一代實體原型製作小結…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………51
5.4.4 第二代3D建模…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………51
5.4.5 第二代原型製作……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………53
5.5 小結…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………53
第六章設計評估……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………54
6.1 評估方法…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………54
6.2 檢測設備…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………54
6.3 實驗程序…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………55
6.4 SVDM 可信度評估結果……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………55
6.5 SVDM 對於SVDM方針的滿足程度…………………………………………………………………………………………………………59
6.5.1 SVDM 對於效率需求的關係………………………………………………………………………………………………………………59
6.5.2 SVDM 對於精準度需求的關係…………………………………………………………………………………………………………59
6.5.3 SVDM 對於準確性需求的關係.………………………………………………………………………………………………………59
6.5.4 SVDM 對於配戴性方便需求的關係………………………………………………………………………………………………60
6.5.5 SVDM 對於尺寸需求的關係………………………………………………………………………………………………………………60
6.5.6 待改善之設計問題………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………60
6.6 小結…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………60
第七章結果與討論………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………61
7.1 評估結果討論……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………61
7.2 建議…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………62
7.3 結論…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………62
參考文獻…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………64
附錄一………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………67
Extended Abstract ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………71

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