臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

滾珠螺桿為精密機械之關鍵零組件，尤其是在需要高剛性及高穩定性之垂直(Z軸)傳動上。機台長期作動是需要定期注油，以避免影響機台的定位精度、使用壽命與效率等問題。滾珠螺桿本身為封閉式結構，在垂直傳動時的潤滑需求無法由其外部的傳動狀態瞭解。而潤滑不良所導致之預壓剛性降低、軌道磨耗、振動與傳動扭矩增加，不但降低其性能與壽命更增加能源與物資的消耗。
本文研究重點主要為探討不同注脂條件 對 雙螺帽 滾珠螺桿傳動性能之影響，並從中找尋出對滾珠螺桿最有效之潤滑模式。機台之進給系統於不同的注脂 條件下運作，其相互之間的差異並非肉眼可以直接觀察得知，因此本研究針對滾珠螺桿與其相關零組件安裝各類感測 元件，其量測項目包含振動、應變、溫度、扭矩、馬達電流與預壓扭矩，並將不同注脂條件所量測到的巨量數據進行訊號轉換以及進行訊號處理，將各項訊號數據加以進行分析與比較，以得到滾珠螺桿傳動性能於不同注脂條件下之差異性與最佳潤滑模式。研究結果顯示以實驗中所安排之注脂頻率最高條件2 c.c. / 1 day注脂條件具有最佳傳動性能，馬達扭矩、預壓扭矩變化、溫升、振動均為最小值，顯示注脂頻率增加有助於傳動效能提升。

Ball screws are key components of precision machinery, especially on vertical (Z-axis) drives that require high rigidity and high stability. Long-term operation of the machine requires regular oil injection to avoid affecting the positioning accuracy, service life and efficiency of the machine. The ball screw itself is a closed mechanism, and the lubrication requirement during vertical driving cannot be understood by its external motion state. Therefore, the pre-compression rigidity caused by poor lubrication, track wear, vibration and transmission torque increase, which not only reduces the transmission performance and life, but also increases the consumption of energy and cost.
The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of different grease injection conditions on the performance of double-nut ball screw drive, and find the most effective lubrication mode for the ball screw. The feeding system of the machine operates under different grease filling conditions, and the difference between them is not directly observable by the naked eye. Therefore, this research is to measure various signals for the ball screw and its related components. It includes vibration, strain, temperature, torque, motor current and preload torque, and converts the huge amount of data measured by various grease injection conditions, and performs signal processing to analyze and compare various signal data. In order to obtain the difference between the ball screw transmission performance under different grease injection conditions and the best lubrication mode. Results show that while the highest frequency of grease injection in the experiment is 2 c.c. / 1 day has the best transmission performance, including the motor torque, preload torque change, temperature rise and vibration are lowest among all experiments. This means that an increase in the frequency of grease injection contributes to an increase in transmission efficiency.

摘要.....i
Abstract.....ii
誌謝.....iii
目錄.....iv
表目錄.....vii
圖目錄.....viii
第一章 緒論.....1
1.1 前言.....1
1.2 文獻回顧.....2
1.2.1 滾珠螺桿運動學.....2
1.2.2 滾珠螺桿潤滑研究.....3
1.2.3 預壓力對滾珠螺桿之影響.....4
1.2.4 滾珠螺桿性能設計參數.....5
1.3 研究動機與目的.....5
1.4 論文架構.....6
第二章 基本理論.....7
2.1 潤滑方法.....7
2.1.1 滾珠螺桿潤滑檢測與補充.....7
2.1.1.1 潤滑油.....7
2.1.1.2 潤滑脂.....7
2.2 訊號處理.....8
2.2.1 類比訊號處理.....8
2.2.2 數位訊號處理.....8
2.2.3 取樣定理.....9
2.2.4 時域分析.....10
2.2.4.1 峰對峰值.....10
2.2.4.2 均方根值.....10
2.2.4.3 波峰因子.....11
2.2.4.4 峰度.....11
2.2.4.5 偏度.....11
2.2.5 頻域分析.....12
2.2.5.1 快速傅立葉轉換.....12
2.2.5.2 特徵頻率.....14
2.3 傳動系統.....16
2.3.1 傳動扭矩.....16
2.3.2 負荷慣量.....17
2.3.3 加速驅動扭矩.....17
2.3.4 軸向負荷與總扭矩.....18
第三章 實驗方法.....19
3.1 實驗規劃.....19
3.2 實驗設備.....21
3.2.1 實驗機台介紹.....21
3.3 實驗量測儀器.....22
3.3.1 加速規.....22
3.3.2 應變規.....24
3.3.3 扭力計.....26
3.3.4 推拉力計.....26
3.3.5 熱電偶.....27
3.3.6 電流鉤錶.....28
3.4 實驗步驟.....28
3.4.1 實驗前置作業.....29
3.4.2 安裝滾珠螺桿.....30
3.4.3 實驗量測.....30
第四章 結果與討論.....31
4.1 滾珠螺桿傳動性能量測.....31
4.1.1 螺帽溫度.....31
4.1.2 螺帽表面應變.....44
4.1.3 螺帽溫度與其應變關係.....47
4.1.4 滾珠螺桿傳動扭矩.....49
4.1.5 馬達驅動電流.....59
4.1.6 預壓扭矩.....61
4.2 滾珠螺桿振動與特徵分析.....62
4.2.1 球通頻率.....62
4.2.2 振動均方根值(RMS).....63
4.2.3 振動峰對峰值(Peak to Peak).....66
4.2.4 振動波峰因子(Crest Factor).....68
4.2.5 振動峰度(Kurtosis).....70
4.2.6 振動偏度(Skewness).....72
第五章 結論與未來展望.....74
5.1 結論.....74
5.2 未來展望.....75
參考文獻.....76
Extended Abstract.....79

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