臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

在無線感測網路中，感測節點扮演著將佈署區域收集到的資料送回收集端，在資料回傳的方式中，最簡單的路由架構是由感測節點直接傳回收集端，但是長距離傳送的傳送方式對其電量消耗非常巨大，且感測網路若佈署在一般人難以進入的地方，一旦感測節點耗盡電力就無法再正常發揮功能為了解決與改善上述的能量消耗問題，專家們提出了許多透過路由或分群的方式，藉以減少節點彼此之間的距離或平衡各節點的能量消耗來延長整個感測網路的生命週期，然而這些方法多以固定能量來做設計。現今的感測節點結合再生能源回復電力方式，諸如太陽能、風力、水力和地熱等，便能夠進一步延長生命週期。因此，本篇論文使用具備太陽能充電能力的感測節點，將佈署後的感測節點分成數個叢集，並依據環境中太陽照射區域的變化，把叢集裡的感測節點分為可充電與無法充電節點，若叢集裡有可以充電的節點，提出的方法會根據節點充電回復率不同，選出合適的叢集首，若叢集裡沒有可以充電的節點，則會為該叢集挑選中繼點協助以減少能量消耗，中繼點的功用就是當它收到所服務的叢集首資料後，轉送給中繼點所屬叢集的叢集首，因此，透過上述太陽照射區域的變化與節點狀態的改變，進而動態變更感測節點資料收集傳送的路由，將能量消耗盡量平均分散在佈署的每個感測節點上，讓傳送資料消耗能量的重擔盡可能落在能自我回復電力的節點上，使網路中無法獲得充電的節點降低電力消耗，避免監控節點斷電導致所在位置資料收集中斷，影響所收集資料的完整度。模擬的結果顯示所提出的方法IREP跟PEGASIS與LEACH相比，於第一死亡節點出現的回合比LEACH方法來的晚，且生命週期都優於LEACH，而PEGASIS生命週期雖然優於IREP與LEACH，但是相對的PEGASIS的資料延遲也是最高的，因此證明所提出的方法確實有助於延長生命週期。

In the wireless sensing network, the sensors collect the information of the deployment area and send it back to the base station. The simplest routing mechanism is directly delivering data to the base station by the sensors. However, long-distance transmission consumes too much power. Sensors become functionless when they exhaust their energy. In order to solve and improve the above problem, many studies have proposed to prolong the network lifetime. Most of them are designed for constant size of energy capacity. Nowadays, sensor combined with renewable energy to recharge energy, such as solar energy, wind power. These combinations can further extend the sensors’ lifetime. Based on this point, a novel routing mechanism is proposed under the scenario that sensors have solar charging capability. The routing path is determined by considering the solar illumination area in the environment. A message repeater is selected to reduce energy consumption and to evenly distribute the energy consumption of sensors. The simulation results show that the proposed method is more energy efficiency than PEGASIS, LEACH. The time instant to find the first dead node is later than the LEACH method and the lifetime is better than LEACH. The lifetime of PEGASIS is better than IREP and LEACH, but the PEGASIS has higher delay time on propagating data. Thus it proves that the proposed method does help to extend the lifetime.

摘要 ......i
Abstract ......ii
誌謝 ......iii
目錄 ......iv
表目錄 ......vi
圖目錄 ......vii
符號說明 ......viii
第一章 簡介 ......1
1.1 研究背景 ......1
1.2 研究動機 ......2
1.3 研究方法 ......3
1.4 論文架構 ......3
第二章 相關研究與文獻探討 ......4
2.1 鍊結式演算法 ......4
2.2 叢集式演算法 ......6
第三章 研究方法 ......10
3.1 情境與前提假設 ......10
3.2 初始化階段 ......11
3.3 叢集首選擇階段 ......12
3.3.1 挑選可充電叢集之叢集首 ......12
3.3.2 挑選無法充電叢集之叢集首 ......13
3.4 中繼點選擇階段 ......15
3.5 路由階段 ......18
3.6 實例說明 ......21
第四章 模擬結果與分析 ......28
4.1 實驗環境假設 ......28
4.2 應用模組 ......28
4.3 模擬環境與參數設置 ......29
4.4 資料延遲 ......30
4.5 生命週期 ......31
第五章 結論與未來展望 ......38
參考文獻 ......39
Extended Abstract ......41

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