臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

近年來由於Facebook的蓬勃發展，其提供個人更方便及有效的經營與拓展人際關係，以及Facebook的能供性得以幫助使用者隨時經營現有社會關係，及間接連結現有社會關係，以及尋回過去失落的連結。而個人在Facebook上經營的社會網絡，是否如同過去研究發現個人社會網絡（social networks）或社會資本(social capital)對於求職有相當影響性。因此本研究的第一個研究問題為個人在Facebook上社會網絡連結程度，對於其獲取的職業聲望有何影響，第二個研究問題為個人在Facebook上所擁有的接觸社會資本如何影響其職業聲望，第三個研究問題為高社經地位與低地經地位不同群體，其Facebook網絡連結強度分別如何影響職業聲望的高低。

本研究按研究目的進行立意抽樣後，以元智大學大學部93級及94級的一般生畢業校友為普查對象共計2,725人，並透過校友於元智大學電子信箱帳號寄送網路問卷連結進行調查，最後共計回收223份問卷，有效問卷為162分、無效問卷為61分。其次，本研究利用次序迴歸分析法針對Facebook社會網絡弱連結、接觸的社會資本對於現全職職業聲望及現全職平均月收入之影響進行分析，及利用線性迴歸分析法針對低社經地位者的Facebook社會網絡弱連結對於接觸的社會資本之影響進行分析。本研究結果顯示個人有愈多Facebook上的社會網絡連結並不會顯著地影響其平均的月收入。個人在Facebook上擁有愈多可接觸的社會資本對於他的平均月收入也沒有顯著的影響，但本研究進一步分析發現，性別與接觸的社會資本之交互作用會對個人平均月收入發揮效益，尤其女性的正向效益大過於男性。整體看來雖然男性平均薪資高於女性，但女性經營Facebook上的社會網絡對於其平均月收入產生正向影響；反之，男性經營Facebook上的社會網絡與其平均月收入則為負向影響。最後，本研究分析結果發現個人的Facebook社會網絡強、弱連結均得以協助個人獲取更多的接觸的社會資本，而這樣的效果不會因畢業於不同的學院而有所差別。

The raising of Facebook is one of the most popular social networking sites in recent years. Studies have suggested that the use of Facebook will enable people to maintain their interpersonal relationships, expand their indirect interpersonal contacts or reconnect with their friends. Previous studies have also demonstrated that interpersonal relationships provide individuals with useful information and resources (i.e. social capital) in the job seeking process. Would the use of Facebook change the ways how people mobilize their social relationships to seek better jobs? The purposes of this study are exploring (1) how individuals’ strength of ties on Facebook influence their current occupation statuses and income, (2) does access to social capital on the Facebook help to seek better occupations and higher income, (3) how does the social capital effect on the job seeking differ between high and low social economic status groups? This study investigated recent graduates in the academic year 2004-2005 of the Yuan Ze University by employing internet survey method in 2012. The total population was 2,725 and the survey successfully interviewed 162 respondents. In all, the social networks on the Facebook did not show significant effects on the occupational status and income. Nevertheless, the results indicate that the interaction of gender and social capital did have impacts on income. For female graduates, their social capital on Facebook was positively associated with income; on the contrary, for male graduates, their social capital on Facebook show a negative effect on income. Finally, the findings suggested that increases of both strong and weak ties on the Facebook enable people to have more opportunities to access social capital, and the effects of social ties on extending personal social capital did not differ across academic colleges.

書名頁 i
論文口試委員審定書 ii
授權書 iii
中文摘要 v
英文摘要 vi
誌謝 vii
目錄 viii
表目錄 x
圖目錄 xi
第一章、研究動機、研究目的 1
第二章、文獻探討 3
第一節、資通訊科技與人際網絡 3
第二節、個人網路網絡資源與職業聲望 5
一、Facbook社群網站使用者之社會網絡連結程度與職業聲望 6
二、Facebook社群網站使用者之社經地位與職業聲望 8
三、Facbook社群網站使用者之接觸的社會資本與職業聲望 9
第三章、研究方法 14
第一節、資料來源 14
一、調查對象及調查方法 14
二、測量方法 16
第二節、研究設計 17
一、研究架構 17
二、變項定義 18
第四章、研究結果 22
第一節、有全職工作經驗者的樣本描述分析 22
一、樣本畢業科系、學院別描述 22
二、有全職工作經驗者的樣本人口變項描述 24
第二節、全職工作者之Facebook使用情形 28
一、Facebook使用程度 28
二、Facebook的黏結(Bonding)行為及橋接(Bridging)行為 29
第三節、Facebook社會網絡連結程度、接觸的社會資本、職業聲望分析 33
一、Facebook社會網絡連結程度、接觸的社會資本與職業聲望次序迴歸分析 35
二、學院別、Facebook社會網絡連結程度與接觸的社會資本線性迴歸分析 36
第五章、結論與討論 43
第一節、研究結論 43
一、研究結果 43
二、研究假設模型修正 45
第二節、理論回應、討論與貢獻 46
第三節、 研究限制 49
參考文獻 50
附錄 53

英文部份
1.Becker, G. S. (1994). Human Capital: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis, with Special Reference to Education, 3rd Edition, University Of Chicago Press; 3 edition (March 14, 1994).

2.Ellison, N. B., C. Steinfield, et al. (2007). "The Benefits of Facebook “Friends:” Social Capital and College Students’ Use of Online Social Network Sites." Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 12(4): 1143-1168.

3.Erickson, B. H. (2001). Good Networks and Good Jobs: The Value of Social Capital to Employers and Employees. Social Capital: Theory and Research. N. Lin, R. S. Burt and K. S. Cook. New York, Aldine de Gruyter: 127-158.

4.Flap, H., and Ed Boxmann (2001). Getting Started: The Influence of Social Capital on the Start of the Occupational Career. Social capital : theory and research N. Lin, R. S. Burt and K. S. Cook. New York Aldine de Gruyter: 159-181.

5.Graaf, N. D. d. and H. D. Flap (1988). ""With a Little Help from My Friends": Social Resources as an Explanation of Occupational Status and Income in West Germany, The Netherlands, and the United States." Social Forces 67(2): 452-472.

6.Granovetter, M. S. (1973). "The Strength of Weak Ties." American Journal of Sociology 78(6): 1360-1380.

7.Granovetter, M. S. (1974). Getting a job: A study of contacts and careers, Harvard University Press (Cambridge, Mass).

8.Hampton, K. N., C.-j. Lee, et al. (2011). "How new media affords network diversity: Direct and mediated access to social capital through participation in local social settings." New Media &; Society.

9.Hargittai, E. and Y.-l. P. Hsieh (2010). "PREDICTORS AND CONSEQUENCES OF DIFFERENTIATED PRACTICES ON SOCIAL NETWORK SITES." Information, Communication &; Society 13(4): 515-536.

10.Keith Hampton, L. S. G., Lee Rainie, Kristen Purcell (2011). Social networking sites and our lives The Pew Research Center's Internet &; American Life Project.

11.Lin, N., W. M. Ensel, et al. (1981). "Social Resources and Strength of Ties: Structural Factors in Occupational Status Attainment." American Sociological Review 46(4): 393-405.

12.Lin, N., Y.-C. Fu, et al. (2001). The Position Generator: Measurement Techniques for Investigations of Social Capital. Social Capital: Theory and Research. N. Lin, R. S. Burt and K. S. Cook. New York, Aldine de Gruyter: 57-81.

13.Lin, N., J. C. Vaughn, et al. (1981). "Social Resources and Occupational Status Attainment." Social Forces 59(4): 1163-1181.

14.Nan Lin, K. S. C., Ronald S. Burt (2001). Social Capital: Theory and Research. New York Aldine de Gruyter.

15.Peter Michael Blau, O. D. D., Andrea Tyree (1967). The American Occupational Structure, Free Press.

16.Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling Alone. New York, Simon &; Schuster.

17.Quan-Haase, A., B. Wellman, et al. (2008). Capitalizing on the Net: Social Contact, Civic Engagement, and Sense of Community. The Internet in Everyday Life, Blackwell Publishers Ltd: 289-324.

18.Rosenbaum, J. E., Stefanie DeLuca, Shazia R. Miller, and Kevin Roy (1999). "Pathways into Work: Short and Long Term Effects of Personal and Institutional Ties." Sociology of Education 72: 179-196.

19.Sellen, A. a. H., R. (2002). The Myth of the Paperless Office, MIT University Press (Cambridge, Mass).

20.Steinfield, C., N. B. Ellison, et al. (2008). "Social capital, self-esteem, and use of online social network sites: A longitudinal analysis." Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 29(6): 434-445.

21.Wegener, B. (1991). "Job Mobility and Social Ties: Social Resources, Prior Job, and Status Attainment." American Sociological Review 56(1): 60-71.

22.Wellman, B., and Kenneth Frank (2001). Network capital in a multilevel world: getting support from personal communities. Social Capital: Theory and Research. K. C. a. R. S. B. Nan Lin. New York, Aldine de Gruyter: 233-274.

中文部份
1.于若蓉(1999)。社會網絡與勞動市場表現:台灣資料分析。台灣社會學，18期95-137。

2.行政院主計處(2010)。中華民國職業標準分類，第六次修正版。

3.黃毅志(2003)。台灣地區新職業聲望與社經地位量表之建構與評估:社會
科學與教育社會學研究本土化。教育研究期刊，4期。

4.黃毅志(2007)。社會科學與教育研究本土化:台灣地區社經地位(SES)測量之
考量通過評審。師範院校學術研討會論文集。

5.莊靜宜(2002)。資訊近用、資訊能力與社會地位之取得與流動-以資訊軟體人
才培訓專案受訓者為例。元智大學資訊社會研究所碩士論文。