臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

隨著時代的改變，科技的發展除了使人們生活更加便利，也使傳統繁瑣工作內容進而精簡化，而傳統工具機目前最大缺陷為不同數值控制工具機(Computer Numerical Control, CNC)之間並無相關性且無法集中管理以及無法將CNC的資料搜集後，進而分析出能改善加工缺陷的方法，若上述問題若無法解決，將無法追朔加工失敗或生產率低的原因，造成廠房生產力降低，使我國的生產價值無法與世界競爭。

本研究針對不同廠牌的CNC製作一套智慧機聯網監控系統，此系統除具備OPC UA(Open Platform Communications Unified Architecture)協定之外，也可改善CNC本身不具資料蒐集以及無法集中管理系統的缺陷。此系統使用Node.js架構之OPC UA Server、Apache HTTP Server、IPC(Industrial PC)及CNC共同組成。

其中。IPC包含了OPC UA Client應用程式，此應用程式可將CNC的數值經計算後存入資料庫中，資料庫則包含網頁設定參數及使用者應用程式讀取CNC參數後之存放空間。

最後，本系統具備OPC UA協定，該協定與傳統協定比較下，不論是安全性、傳輸負載量、擴展性以及可讀寫的彈性皆具極大的優勢之外，也能於諸多平台上運行，如:（Windows、Linux、Mac OS）。而本研究在實驗結果中得到，智慧機聯網監控系統的加工時間推估與實際的加工時間之誤差值可控制在兩秒內。而從CNC傳輸資料至資料庫後，網頁的同步速度誤差時間不超過一秒。若能將本系統導入CNC加工廠，不僅能使CNC加工廠邁入工業4.0門檻之外，也能增加工具機產業的競爭力。

With the changes of the times, the development of science and technology not only makes people's life more convenient, but also simplifies the traditional cumbersome work content. The biggest flaw of the traditional machine tool is that there is no correlation between different CNCs and it is impossible to centrally manage and cannot After collecting the data of CNC, it analyzes the method that can improve the processing defects. If the above problems cannot be solved, it will not be able to trace the causes of processing failure or low productivity, resulting in a decrease in factory productivity and making China's production value unable to compete with the world.

This study produces a set of the Smart Machine Network Monitoring System for the CNC of different brands. In addition to the OPC UA agreement, this system can also improve the defects of the CNC itself without data collection and centralized management.. This system is composed of OPC UA Server, Apache HTTP Server, IPC (Industrial PC) and CNC of Node.js architecture.

IPC includes the OPC UA Client application, which calculates the CNC values and stores them in the database. The database contains the web page setting parameters and the storage space after the user application reads the CNC parameters.

Finally, the system has the OPC UA protocol, which, compared with traditional protocols, has great advantages in terms of security, transmission load, scalability, and readable and writable flexibility. It can also run on many platforms. . In this study, the error value of the processing time estimation and the actual processing time of the system can be controlled within two seconds. After the data is transmitted from the CNC to the database, the synchronization speed error time of the webpage does not exceed one. second. If the system can be introduced into the CNC processing plant, it will not only enable the CNC processing plant to enter the industry 4.0 threshold, but also increase the competitiveness of the machine tool industry.

摘要 ... i
Abstract ... ii
誌謝 ... iii
目錄 ... iv
表目錄 ... vi
圖目錄 ... vii
第一章 緒論 ... 1
1.1 研究背景 ... 1
1.2 研究目的 ... 1
1.3 國內外相關之研究情況 ... 3
1.4 論文章節概述 ... 5
第二章 系統原理 ... 6
2.1 Apache HTTP Server ... 6
2.2 Node.js ... 8
2.3 CNC原理 ... 11
2.4 PLC原理 ... 12
2.5 HTTP/HTTPS ... 14
2.6 OPC/OPC UA通訊協定介紹 ... 16
2.6.1 OPC介紹 ... 16
2.6.2 OPC UA介紹 ... 16
2.6.3 OPC與OPC UA比較 ... 17
第三章 系統設計 ... 19
3.1 系統架構 ... 19
3.2 網頁畫面設計說明 ... 22
3.2.1 Login (登入) ... 23
3.2.2 Home(加工行程首頁) ... 24
3.2.3 Operator (機台操作員) ... 25
3.2.4 Fixture (夾治具) ... 28
3.2.5 Tool (刀具) ... 29
3.2.6 Program (加工程式) ... 30
3.2.7 Working Time (加工時間) ... 31
3.2.8 Part (工件) ... 32
3.2.9 Machine (總機台) ... 33
3.2.10 Machine Priority (排程) ... 33
3.2.11 Machine Status (機台加工狀態) ... 34
3.2.12 Machine Status History (機台歷史加工狀態) ... 35
3.3 OPC UA設計 ... 36
3.3.1 OPC UA Server ... 36
3.3.2 OPC UA Server執行流程 ... 36
3.3.3 OPC UA Client ... 38
3.4 加工程式上傳下載介紹 ... 40
第四章 系統實驗與驗證 ... 42
4.1 OPC UA系統驗證與測試圖 ... 42
4.2 OPC UA Server測試 ... 43
4.2.1 OPC UA Viewer介紹 ... 43
4.2.2 OPC UA Viewer執行流程 ... 43
4.3 整體架構測試 ... 46
4.3.1 設定階段 ... 46
4.3.2 驗證經由OPC UA協定將網頁的排程總數傳值至工具機 ... 46
4.3.3 驗證經由OPC UA協定將工具機的三色燈傳值至網頁 ... 50
4.3.4 驗證經由OPC UA協定將工具機的目前加工工件個數傳值至網頁 ... 54
4.4 誤差測試 ... 57
4.4.1 加工時間誤差測試 ... 57
4.4.2 同步速度誤差測試 ... 62
4.5 誤差結果分析 ... 68
4.6 現有類似產品比較 ... 69
第五章 總結 ... 71
5.1 結論 ... 71
5.2 未來展望 ... 71
附錄 ... 73
HTTP傳輸方式之請求方法特性說明: ... 73
網頁回傳異常碼: ... 73
參考文獻 ... 75
Extended Abstract ... 78

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