臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

全球化經濟趨勢與產業間競爭日趨激烈，使得產品不斷地推陳出新，相對地生產過程中衍生了大量廢棄物。若無法妥善處置廢棄物，生態環境將遭到嚴重的威脅，因此企業應積極思考如何將廢棄物作有效率的清運處置。實務上，廢棄物貯存容量礙於資金與空間等因素影響，而廢棄物本身亦具有存放時間限制之性質，進一步探討有限資源問題下，廢棄物處理對清運策略與系統相關成本之影響為何？使本研究所建構生產清運模式更貼近現實環境。
本研究針對單一產品的生產存貨系統，並考量生產過程中所產生廢棄物之清運處置狀況，因而提出三種模式，分別為同步生產清運、多次清運以及多個生產週期，再進行一次清運，並採用兩種策略(傳統策略與整合性策略)，以生產存貨系統與廢棄物貯存系統總成本最小化為目的，藉由建構公式找出最佳清運模式，以提供企業日後進行決策時參考。並透過變動廢棄物產生率與相關成本參數值進行研究，觀察各系統成本的趨勢變化。經實驗結果分析，發現採用整合性策略下，管理者選擇最佳清運模式，其系統總成本為最小化。而廢棄物貯存空間與存放時間限制下，藉由調整決策變數以符合空間與時間限制，對生產存貨與廢棄物貯存系統亦造成相當的影響。

With increasing competition in the market and the trend of globalization, more and more new products are launched in a shorter time span. In the mean time, the amount of wastes produced during manufacturing is increasing rapidly. Environmental issues related to the increasing production wastes have drawn growing attention. Many production wastes require proper storage and professional treatment. Manufacturing firms need to manage the storage and disposal of production wastes in order to meet environmental regulations.
This study considers a production/inventory system with a single product. Production waste is generated during manufacturing and requires to be treated by professional waste disposal companies. Joint control policies of production and waste disposal are investigated. Three models are constructed: common production and waste disposal cycle, multiple waste disposal cycle and multiple production cycle. In addition, two decision procedures, traditional decision procedure and integrated decision procedure, are considered. Cost functions are derived and optimal production and waste disposal cycles are obtained such that total related costs are minimized. Furthermore, models with waste storage time and capacity constraints are also studied.
The result of the conducted numerical experiment shows that the integrated decision procedure provides the best total costs in each model. Moreover, it is found that constraints on waste storage time and capacity can have great influence on optimal production and waste disposal cycles. It is important for enterprises to decide the production and waste disposal decision procedure in practice.

中文摘要 I
英文摘要 II
誌謝 III
目錄 IV
圖目錄 VI
表目錄 VII
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.2 研究目的 3
1.3 研究方法與架構 4
第二章 文獻探討 6
2.1. 存貨管理制度 6
2.1.1. 基本經濟生產批量模式定義 6
2.1.2. 經濟生產批量相關文獻 7
2.2. 廢棄物回收管理 9
2.2.1. 有害廢棄物之定義 9
2.2.2. 廢棄物處理回收問題 11
2.2.3. 廢棄物管理制度相關研究 12
2.3. 綠色供應鏈管理 14
2.3.1. 綠色供應鏈管理之定義 15
2.3.2. 綠色供應鏈對產業之影響 15
2.4. 小結….. 18
第三章 系統介紹與模式建構 19
3.1. 系統介紹 19
3.2. 共同假設與相關參數 21
3.2.1. 研究假設與限制 21
3.2.2. 模式共用符號 22
3.2.3. 系統模型介紹 22
3.2.4. 目標式 24
3.3. 模式與策略介紹 25
3.4. 傳統策略下模式建構 26
3.4.1. 特殊相關符號 26
3.4.2. 傳統策略下，CPW模式建構與推導 27
3.4.3. 傳統策略下，MWD模式建構與推導 29
3.4.4. 傳統策略下，MPC模式建構與推導 33
3.5. 整合性策略下模式建構 37
3.5.1. 特殊相關符號 38
3.5.2. 整合性策略下，CPW模式建構與推導 38
3.5.3. 整合性策略下，MWD模式建構與推導 39
3.5.4. 整合性策略下，MPC模式建構與推導 42
3.6. 生產清運模式之決策法則 47
3.7. 有限空間與時間之限制 50
3.7.1. 特殊相關符號 50
3.8. 傳統策略於有限資源限制 51
3.8.1. 廢棄物貯存容量有限下清運模式決策 51
3.8.2. 廢棄物貯存具時效性之清運模式決策 56
3.8.3. 同時考慮貯存容量與時效性之清運模式決策 62
3.9. 整合性策略於有限資源限制 71
3.9.1. 廢棄物貯存容量有限下之清運模式決策 71
3.9.2. 廢棄物貯存具時效性之清運模式決策 75
3.9.3. 同時考慮貯存容量與時效性之清運模式決策 78
第四章 實驗與分析 83
4.1. 實驗環境介紹與假設 83
4.2. 實驗範例結果與分析 84
4.2.1. 案例選用 85
4.2.2. 二種策略比較 89
4.2.3. 同步與非同步生產清運模式相關成本比較 91
4.2.4. 敏感度分析 98
4.3. 不同策略下，模式選擇與決策比較 101
4.3.1. 案例假設 101
4.3.2. 實驗結果與分析 101
4.4. 整合性策略於有限資源限制 103
4.4.1. 單一容量空間或存放時間限制 103
4.4.2. 廢棄物貯存同時具容量空間與存放時間限制 107
4.5. 小結….. 110
第五章 結論與建議 112
5.1 結論….. 112
5.2 後續研究與建議 114
參考文獻 115
附錄 121

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