臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

工業界在產品的設計上有輕量化的趨勢，故設計出高性能、低成本的產品成為重要指標之一，但輕量化伴隨著結構強度與剛性上的不足與機台壽命的問題，因此在設計過程中必須兼顧質量與強度、剛性間的比例。
本文首先以熱電耦量測主軸系統在長時間運轉下之溫度，將所量測到之溫度與參考文獻中馬達座、導螺桿、滑塊滑軌溫度作為數值分析邊界條件求得溫度場與熱變形。施加機械力對頭座、立柱、底座以體積使用率10%~25%做為約束限制得出初步拓樸外觀模型後根據其外觀繪製出與拓樸外觀相似且具可製造性的模型，比較輕量化拓樸前後對結構強度與剛性的影響。結果顯示在15%拓樸下結構強度與剛性皆有較佳的表現，後續對結構進行再設計以達質量與剛性平衡。對頭座結構重新繪製為對稱且前端加大圓角增加接觸空氣面積，對立柱結構進行3種特徵與5種筋板結構混搭比較，最後進行熱-機械雙重作用下數值模擬分析。結果顯示3種特徵結構中可以發現單壁結構質量最輕，雙壁結構質量最高、剛性佳，交叉結構質量與剛性皆處於中間值，5種筋板結構中可以發現X型下剛性佳，十型質量最輕，在交叉結構與十型筋板搭配下不僅能達到質量上的減少也能兼顧到頭座剛性。

The industry has a tendency to reduce the weight of product design, so designing high-performance and low-cost products has become one of the important indicators. In the design process, the ratio between mass, strength and rigidity must be taken into account.
This paper first uses thermocouples to measure the temperature of the spindle system under long-term operation, and uses the measured temperature on the motor seat, lead screw, sliding block and slide rail as the boundary condition for numerical analysis to obtain the temperature field and thermal deformation. Applying mechanical force to the head, column, and base with the volume usage rate of 10% to 25% as a constraint. After obtaining a model that is similar to the topology and has manufacturability is drawn based on its appearance. The effects of before and after topology on structural strength and stiffness are compared. The results show that the structural strength and rigidity are better under the 15% topology, and the structure is redesigned to achieve a balance between mass and rigidity. Re-draw the head structure to be symmetrical and increase the fillet at the front end to increase the air contact area.The column structure is compared with 3 kinds of features and 5 kinds of ribbed structures. Finally, the numerical simulation analysis is performed under the dual action of thermo-mechanical. The results show that among the three characteristic structures, the single-walled structure has the lightest weight, the double-walled structure has the highest quality, and the rigidity is good. The quality and rigidity of the cross structure are in the middle. Among the five ribbed structures, the X-shaped structure has good rigidity. The lightest weight, with the cross structure and the ten-shaped ribs, can not only achieve a reduction in mass, but also take into account the rigidity of the head.

摘要........................................i
Abstract...................................ii
誌謝......................................iv
目錄.......................................v
圖目錄......................................vi
表目錄....................................vii
第1章 前言................................1
1.1 研究背景 ............................1
1.2 研究動機與目的.......................1
1.3 文獻回顧 ............................2
1.4 論文架構 ...........................10
第2章 理論基礎 ...........................11
2.1 拓樸最佳化理論......................11
2.2 工具機熱變形........................12
第3章 拓樸分析............................18
3.1 立式加工機頭座溫升量測...............19
3.2 拓樸結構研究........................22
3.2.1 三大鑄件模型........................22
3.2.2 三大鑄件拓樸各體積去除率之結果.......23
3.2.3 結果與討論..........................26
3.3 立式加工機數值熱傳分析...............26
3.3.1 三大鑄件溫度場與熱變形...............26
3.3.2 整機結構溫度場與熱變形...............32
3.3.3 結果與討論..........................35
第4章 結構設計改善........................36
4.1 結構再設計..........................36
4.1.1 頭座結構對稱設計....................36
4.1.2 立柱設計............................37
4.1.3 結構設計整合........................41
4.1.4 結果與討論..........................43
4.2 立式加工機整機模態分析..............44
第5章 結論與未來研究方向..................49
參考文獻 ...................................50

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