臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

近年來各國為了達到環境永續發展與追求低碳節能的目標，促使電動車發展變得非常迅速。電動車具有低噪音與零廢氣排放的優勢，在未來勢必會取代現今燃油汽車。電動車在少了燃油引擎下具備了低噪音的優勢，但現行差速器的結構設計中，殼體的加工精度、齒輪的鍛造精度與齒輪後續機加工精度誤差，導致差速器在作動時所產生的噪音會大於電動車的運轉噪音。為了解決差速器因齒輪背隙所產生的噪音，本文提出新型差速器結構設計，利用波形彈簧墊片具有彈簧力的特性，使差速器在差速運轉的瞬間，讓行星齒輪與半軸齒輪為零背隙的狀態，去除傳統差速器在有背隙的狀態下進行差速運動時，所產生的齒輪敲擊噪音，並在波形彈簧墊片後加上推力滾針軸承，以防止波形彈簧墊片與殼體或行星齒輪相對旋轉時的摩擦，並節省差速器在殼體加工上的困難，達到降低成本的效果。本文按照直傘齒輪差速器理論設計方法，以某一型差速器為基礎參數進行設計與計算，利用程式編寫軟體建立直傘齒輪真實齒面，將其匯入繪圖軟體中建構三維模型，針對差速器所產生的噪音問題，進行結構變更設計以達到可補償齒輪背隙的效果，利用三維繪圖軟體將差速器與各部位零件繪製出來。再利用前處理軟體進行有限元素模型網格劃分與模型需設定之各個條件，再匯入有限元素分析軟體中進行分析求解。得出新型差速器各部位等效應力圖，並通過等效應力圖找出新型差速器中結構容易破壞與可優化的部位，進而提出改善新型差速器結構強度的方案，並可確認此新型差速器為一可行性方案。

In recent years, in order to reach the target of sustainable development of the environment and low carbon energy saving which caused the development of electric vehicles has become very fast. Electric vehicles have the advantage of low noise and zero exhaust emissions, it will definitely replace fuel vehicles in the future. Although electric vehicles have the advantage of low noise without fuel engine, in the current constructions of differential design, the process precision grade of case, the forging precision grade and backlash of the gears, and post-processing errors causes the noise generated by the differential to be greater than the running noise of the electric vehicle. In order to solve the noisy of the differential because the backlash of the gears, this article propose the new differential structure design, which uses the characteristics of the spring power of the wave washer to compensate the internal gear of the differential, the noise which caused by the meshing vibration because of the incorrect backlash, to lower the difficulty of differential on the case processing and achieve the effect of reducing costs. This article is according to the straight bevel gear differential theory design method, we design and calculate it based on the basic data of one of the differential, set up the real tooth surface of the straight bevel gear by using program software to import it into the drawing software to construct a 3D model, focus on the noisy of the differential and change the construction design to compensation for the effect of gear backlash, draw the differential and other components by 3D model and the pre-processing software is used to perform finite element model meshing and various conditions to be set by the model, and then imported into the finite element to analysis software for the answer. The equivalent stress map of each part of the new differential is obtained, and the equivalent stress map is used to find out the parts of the new differential that are easily damaged and optimized. Then the scheme to improve the structural strength of the new differential is proposed, and the new type differential can be confirmed to be a feasibility plan.

摘要.......................................i
Abstract..................................ii
誌謝......................................iii
目錄......................................iv
表目錄....................................vi
圖目錄....................................vii
符號說明..................................ix
第一章 緒論................................2
1.1 研究動機與目的.........................2
1.2 文獻探討...............................2
1.3 研究方法...............................3
1.4 論文架構...............................3
第二章 差速器結構設計.......................4
2.1 差速器介紹.............................4
2.1.1 差速器簡介...........................4
2.1.2 差速器工作原理.......................4
2.1.3 差速器組件順序.......................6
2.1.4 差速器組件關係.......................7
2.2 差速器產生噪音原因與目前解決方案........7
2.3 差速器本文解決方案.....................9
2.4 差速器變更設計.........................9
2.4.1 行星齒輪............................9
2.4.2 差速器殼體..........................10
2.5 小結..................................11
第三章 差速器結構選擇與參數設計.............12
3.1 差速器結構選擇.........................12
3.2 差速器齒輪基本參數.....................13
3.2.1 行星齒輪數目選擇.....................13
3.2.2 行星齒輪球面半徑RB(mm)的確定.........13
3.3 行星齒輪與半軸齒輪的齒數選擇...........14
3.4 差速器齒輪模數及節圓直徑初步確定.......14
3.5 壓力角...............................15
3.6 行星齒輪安裝孔直徑∅及其深度L的確定.....15
3.7 差速器齒輪強度計算....................15
3.8 直傘齒輪軸向力計算....................16
3.9 小結.................................16
第四章 齒輪幾何創成與差速器零件模型建立.....17
4.1 齒條刀之設計..........................17
4.2 位於齒輪座標系上之齒條刀位置...........19
4.3 嚙合方程式............................21
4.4 直傘齒輪坐標系........................22
4.5 直傘齒輪模型建立......................24
4.6 差速器與各部位零件模型建立.............28
第五章 差速器齒輪與殼體強度模擬分析.........34
5.1 直傘齒輪動態模擬分析...................34
5.1.1 LS-DYNA簡介.........................34
5.1.2 有限元素網格劃分.....................34
5.1.3 元素性質的選擇.......................36
5.1.4 創建資料集合器.......................36
5.1.5 材料機械性質設定.....................37
5.1.6 座標系設定...........................39
5.1.7 約束條件設定.........................39
5.1.8 初始條件設定.........................39
5.1.9 接觸面的定義.........................40
5.1.10 沙漏模態控制........................40
5.1.11 LS-DYNA 主程式處理..................41
5.1.12 LS-PREPOSY後處理....................41
5.2 差速器直傘齒輪等效應力情況..............41
5.3 差速器殼體靜態分析......................42
5.3.1 材質設定.............................42
5.3.2 設定網格.............................42
5.3.3 差速器殼體設定約束與負載..............43
5.3.4 差速器殼體靜態分析結果................45
5.4 傳統差速器靜態分析與比對................47
第六章 結論與未來展望.......................50
6.1 結論...................................50
6.2 未來展望...............................50
參考文獻...................................51

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