臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究目的是希望探討在不同色溫與燈具形狀下對不同年齡層族的生心理影響，並希望能設計出能適合不同年齡族群的舒適照明環境。截至目前的文獻，多數針對光的色溫與照度兩項參數的搭配組合進行探討，甚至是針對人工光源的不同照明方式來進行人的喜好程度探討(李厚強, 2002)，但卻鮮少研究去探討不同的燈具形狀搭配不同的色溫所營造出來的照明環境之下對人的生理與心理反應。根據國外學者Kruithof (1941)的研究指出人在視覺感知會直接受到燈具設備影響，學者的研究指出人偏好喜歡高色溫搭配高照度與低色溫搭配低照度的範圍，而此也稱作是Kruithof Curve，這也就意旨人的生理與心理會受到不同的照明條件影響而改變。在國外學者Kenz and Kers (2000)研究指出人的心理感受與知覺可以被不同的光照條件影響，並且不同的年齡族群會產生不同的影響。因此，基於以上的文獻，本研究目的是希望探討不同的LED燈具形狀在不同的色溫下對於年輕人與年長者的生理與心理反應。本研究使用五種不同LED天花板燈具形狀(矩形、正方形、直線型、三角形、圓形)搭配三種不同色溫(3000K、4000K、5600K)在低照度(300lx)之下去模擬不同的客廳照明環境。在量測生理數據方面，本研究量測每位受測者的膚電反應(Galvanic Skin Response; GSR)、心跳率(Heart Rate; HR)與小指皮膚溫度；而在量測心理數據方面，本研究使用主觀問卷去量測每位受測者的實驗完後的感受評價，其主觀問卷分別為視覺疲勞問卷、失落感問卷以及喜好度問卷。
根據本研究實驗的生理結果顯示在人處在低照度的環境在偏黃色的暖色溫(3000K)下警覺程度較低，較讓人感到放鬆。而在燈具形狀的搭配上，則顯示矩形的燈具形狀所營造的照明空間比其他的燈具形狀較為放鬆。在年齡族群的部分，不同的色溫搭配不同的燈具形狀所營造出來的照明環境並不會因為年齡的不同而有所影響，更為顯示所有的照明環境是可以適合所有年齡層的人。然而，在心理反應的部分中，所有的主觀問卷皆沒有顯著影響產生，這也表示本研究所營造的所有照明環境皆不會帶給人視覺上的不舒適感，也不會造成人有負面的情緒反應。透過以上的研究結果希望可以有助於改善家中照明品質，並能夠給製造商們當作改善產品品質上的參考研究。

The purpose of this research is to investigate the elders and teenagers’ physiological and psychological responses for different shapes and correlated color temperature of LED ceiling light. This research also hopes to design a suitable lighting environment to provide comfortable lighting surroundings for different age groups. As the current literature, most of them were exploring two combinations, illumination and correlated color temperature. However, few studies had investigated the physiological and psychological responses for different color temperature with different lighting shapes. Kruithof (1941) indicated that the human sense of sight can be directly affected by lighting equipment, he claimed that people prefer high illuminance with high color temperature and low illuminance with low color temperature, these comfortable range also called Kruithof Curve. It means that human physiological and psychological sensations and perceptions can also be affected by varied lighting conditions. Kens and Kers (2000) pointed out that psychological feelings and perceptions can be affected by different lighting condition and different aging groups. Therefore, based on these studies, the purpose of this study is to investigate the elders and teenagers’ physiological and psychological responses for different shapes and correlated color temperature of LED ceiling light.
This study used five LED ceiling lamps, each exhibits a different geometric shape to create diverse lighting surroundings in a simulated living room at three different color temperatures and under low illumination. To obtain physiological data from participants of different age groups, we measured the galvanic skin response, heart rate, and skin temperature of the little finger of each participant. To obtain psychological data, we used subjective questionnaires to measure the feeling of the participants, the subjective questionnaires including visual fatigue questionnaire, sense of loss questionnaire and preference questionnaire.
Based on the physiological results of this study, we found that people in low illuminance environment prefer 3000K and dislike 5600K. The result of this research confirmed that 3000K and 5600K with low illuminance still fit in Kruithof Curve. People felt relax when it was the lighting environment projected by a rectangle shape. In Knez and Kers’s (2000) study pointed out teenagers and elders had negative emotion respectively in 3000K and 4000K. However, in our study found all the lighting environment will not be affected by the age difference. These results can show the entire lighting environment is suitable for all ages of people. In psychological part, all of the subjective questionnaires had no significance on CCT, shapes and aging groups. It means that all the lighting environments of this research do not cause people visual discomfort it does not cause people to have a negative emotional, either. These finding above can provide lighting manufacturers with a reference for improving product quality.

第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究動機與目的 4
1.3 研究範圍 6
1.4 研究流程 7
1.5 研究步驟 8
第二章 文獻探討 11
2.1 相對色溫 11
2.1.1 相對色溫之基本理論 11
2.1.2 相對色溫光源的心理效果 11
2.1.3 相對色溫應用於舒適度曲線 12
2.2 造型相關文獻探討 14
2.2.1 造型意義與要素 14
2.2.2 造型心理 15
2.3 生理量測指標文獻 15
2.3.1 心跳率(Heart Rate; HR) 16
2.3.2 膚電反應(Galvanic Skin Response; GSR) 16
2.3.3 皮膚溫度(Skin Temperature) 16
2.4 心理量測指標文獻 17
2.4.1 照明對於情緒之相關探討 17
2.5 主觀問卷評估 18
2.5.1 視覺疲勞問卷(Visual Fatigue Questionnaire) 18
2.5.2 喜好度問卷(Preference Questionnaire) 19
2.5.3 失落感問卷(Sense of Loss Questionnaire) 21
第三章 研究方法 22
3.1 實驗介紹 22
3.2 實驗對象與受測條件 22
3.2.1 青年族群 22
3.2.2 年長族群 22
3.3 實驗環境 23
3.4 實驗量測儀器與問卷評估方式 24
3.4.1 生理值 – 生理量測儀器 24
3.4.2 心理值 – 問卷設計與評估方式 26
3.5 實驗變項 28
3.5.1 自變項 28
3.5.2 應變項 29
3.6 實驗流程 29
3.7 資料統計分析 31
第四章 實驗數據分析 33
4.1 生理反應數據分析 33
4.1.1 膚電反應(GSR) 33
4.1.2 心跳率(HR) 39
4.1.3小指皮膚溫度(Skin Temperature) 45
4.2 心理反應 - 主觀問卷評估分析 49
4.2.1 視覺疲勞主觀問卷 49
4.2.2 失落感問卷 50
4.2.3 喜好度問卷 51
4.3 實驗結果總結 52
4.3.1 生理值評估部分 52
4.3.2 心理值評估部分 55
第五章 討論 57
5.1 關於相關色溫部分討論 57
5.2 關於燈具形狀部分討論 59
5.3 關於年齡族群部分討論 61
第六章 結論與建議 62
6.1 結論 62
6.1.1 從主效應進行總結 62
6.1.2 從交互作用進行總結 63
6.2 後續研究與建議 64
參考文獻 65
附錄一 受測者同意書 69
附錄二 受測者基本資料 72
附錄三 視覺疲勞問卷 73
附錄四 失落感問卷 74
附錄五 喜好度問卷 75
附錄六 行為與社會科學研究倫理審查核可證明 76

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