臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

為了提高顧客的服務率與降低缺貨發生，想從顧客需求來預測進而設置精確的存貨量，對任何企業而言都是一個棘手的問題。我們將直接運送策略導入（R, S）存貨策略的多階存貨系統中，利用直接運送的優勢來達到降低總成本的目的。此一多階存貨系統是由配送中心、倉儲點、零售點所構成，而直接運送就是貨物不必經由倉儲點的轉運，直接從配送中心運送到零售點上。本論文首先建構出系統在有無直送機制下的架構，並且對系統的成本項目做比較與分析，包含持有成本、運輸成本、缺貨成本、直送成本。再利用變動顧客的需求、成本參數、環境參數作系統模擬的研究，分析直送策略對系統所造成的影響，並分析、驗證理論成本值與模擬數據之間的差異和趨勢。最後證實直接運送策略能有效改善原存貨系統的總成本，並且會降低缺貨發生，同時提高對顧客的服務水準。

It is vital for enterprises to maintain careful management of inventory in order to keep high levels of customer service. We study a multi-echelon, periodic-review (R, S) inventory system where direct shipment can be used to reduce the risk of stockout. The system consists of a distribution center, a warehouse and multiple retailers. Beside normal ordering channels from the warehouse, inventory in retailers can also be replenished by shipment directly from the distribution center with shorter lead time, but at a higher cost. We propose a direct shipment policy that can be applied on such a system to reduce total costs by decreasing shortages. Related costs, including holding, transportation, ordering, shortage and direct shipment cost, for such systems with and without the option of direct shipment are formulated and compared. Results of numerical experiment show that the implementation of the direct shipment policy can effectively cut down the number of shortages and reduce the total system costs.

第一章 緒論 1
1.1研究背景與動機 1
1.2研究目的與假設 4
1.3論文架構與研究流程 5
第二章 文獻探討 7
2.1供應鏈管理與存貨觀念 7
2.1.1供應鏈管理 7
2.1.2基本存貨觀念 7
2.2（R, S）存貨策略與多階層存貨系統 8
2.2.1（R, S）存貨策略 8
2.2.2多階層存貨系統 9
2.2.3多階層存貨系統應用存貨策略之關聯研究 10
2.3直接運送策略之相關研究 11
2.4小結 13
第三章 直接運送策略於二階層（R, S）存貨模式構建與成本分析 14
3.1二階層（R, S）存貨系統於導入直接運送策略之前後運作模式 14
3.1.1二階層（R, S）存貨系統運作模式 14
3.1.2二階層（R, S）存貨系統導入直接運送策略之運作模式 16
3.2模式符號與假設 18
3.3二階層（R, S）存貨模式導入直接運送策略之建構 19
3.3.1（R, S）存貨模式訂購上限水準之估算 20
3.3.2直接運送策略導入二階層（R, S）存貨策略之模式建構 21
3.4直送策略導入前後的系統成本項目之估算與比較 27
3.4.1無直送策略下成本項目之估算 28
3.4.2直送策略下成本項目之估算 30
3.4.3無直送與直送策略下系統成本項目之比較 35
第四章 實驗範例與模擬分析 39
4.1範例參數說明 39
4.1.1無直送下二階層（R, S）存貨系統參數說明 39
4.1.2直送下二階層（R, S）存貨系統參數說明 41
4.1.3模擬次數說明 42
4.2無直送系統中成本理論值與模擬值的分析和比較 42
4.3無直送系統成本模擬值與直送系統成本模擬值的比較 50
4.3.1缺貨成本 50
4.3.2持有成本 59
4.3.3運輸成本 59
4.3.4總成本 59
4.4成本變動敏感度分析 61
4.4.1變動缺貨成本 61
4.4.2變動系統的正常運輸成本 64
4.4.3變動直送訂購成本 67
4.4.4變動直送運輸成本 69
4.4.5成本變動影響比較 72
4.4.6成本交叉配對分析 72
4.5訂購週期與前置時間變動之敏感度分析 78
第五章 結論與建議 81
5.1結論 81
5.2後續研究與建議 82
參考文獻 84
附錄 86

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