臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究以摻雜木質活性碳與單層石墨烯製備複合型超級電容之碳電極並與染料敏化太陽能電池進行整合成為綜合能源系統，探討兩者特性及膠態電解液對染料敏化太陽能電池與超級電容的性能和長效性的影響。使用烘烤方法製作出具有木質活性碳披覆單層石墨烯之結構的碳粉，並製作出超級電容複合式電極。因為膠態電解液在加熱後會形成流動狀態，可灌入染料敏化太陽能電池及超級電容器並進行密封，且在內部冷卻形成膠態，可以有效減少與空氣接觸的機會，能夠有效增長生命週期。透過進行500次的循環伏安(CV)後仍然有95.4% 的電容值保存率(Charge-discharge test)與79%的充放電效率；使用太陽能模擬器(Solar simulator)測量染料敏化太陽能電池的光電流轉換效率；利用場發射掃描式電子顯微鏡(FE-SEM)觀察複合式碳電極及二氧化鈦光陽極表面之結構。研究結果顯示，添加0.07wt%的單層石墨烯可製備出最佳複合式碳極，其比電容值為400.3 F/g，且擁有83.42%的充放電效率，使用膠態電解液的染料敏化太陽能電池光電轉換效率6.19%，透過將多組的整合元件串聯可以成功驅動LED。

In this study, the carbon electrode of composite electrical double layer capacitor (EDLC) was prepared by single-layer graphene and wood activated carbon, and integrated with dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The characteristics and influence were discussed on the electrolytes performance including its long-term effect of DSSCs and EDLC. Using baking method to prepare single-layer graphene coated with wood activated carbon structural carbon powder. Gel-electrolytes formed a flow state after heating, and it could be poured into and sealed. Its formation of colloid in internal cooling could help to reduce the chance of exposure in the air, which effectively enhanced the life cycle. A great stability was exhibited with a coulombic efficiency of 95.4 % after 500 continuous cycles and a slight deterioration of 79% charge/discharge efficiency was observed. The sample doped 0.7 wt. % single-layer graphene had the best composite EDLC. EDLC using gel-electrolytes (6M PVA-KOH) has capacitance of 400.3F/g, and 83.42 % of charge/discharge efficiency. DSSCs that used gel-electrolytes has capacitance of 6.19 %, and multiple sets of integrated components could establish ties then successfully drive LED.

摘要....................................................................i
Abstract...............................................................ii
誌謝...................................................................iii
目錄...................................................................iv
表目錄.................................................................vi
圖目錄.................................................................vii
第一章緒論...............................................................1
1.1前言.................................................................1
1.2研究動機與目的........................................................3
第二章文獻探討與理論.....................................................4
2.1文獻探討.............................................................4
2.1.1活性碳文獻探討......................................................4
2.1.2超級電容文獻探討....................................................5
2.1.3染料敏化太陽能電池文獻探討...........................................5
2.2二氧化鈦材料特性......................................................6
2.3 染料敏化太陽能電池基本結構............................................8
2.3.1透明導電薄膜.......................................................8
2.3.2 光電極............................................................8
2.3.3 染料..............................................................9
2.3.4電解質.............................................................9
2.3.5 Pt背電極.........................................................10
2.3.6 染料敏化太陽能電池的工作原理.......................................11
2.3.7太陽能電池轉換效率.................................................14
2.4超級電容............................................................15
2.4.1超級電容電極材料介紹...............................................15
2.5 染料敏化太陽能電池整合超級電容元件基本介紹............................20
2.5.1染料敏化太陽能電池整合超級電容元件工作原理...........................21
第三章實驗步驟與設備....................................................23
3.1實驗藥品與實驗設備...................................................23
3.1.1實驗藥品..........................................................23
3.1.2實驗儀器與設備.....................................................25
3.2實驗步驟............................................................26
3.2.1實驗架構..........................................................26
3.2.2電雙層超級電容器之製作.............................................27
3.2.3染料敏化太陽能電池之製備............................................30
3.3整合元件之製備.......................................................33
3.3.1電雙層超級電容器(EDLC)組成.........................................33
3.3.2染料敏化太陽能電池整合超級電容器元件之製備...........................33
3.4實驗與分析儀器應用原理...............................................35
3.4.1場發射式掃描式電子顯微鏡分析........................................35
3.4.2染料敏化太陽能電池效率量測..........................................36
3.4.2超音波細胞粉碎機(Ultrasonic Processor).............................37
3.4.3循環伏安分析(Cyclic Voltammetry)...................................37
3.4.4 恆電流充放電效率測試...............................................37
3.4.5電化學交流阻抗量測(Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy, EIS).....38
第四章結果與討論.........................................................40
4.1染料敏化太陽能電池分析.................................................40
4.1.1染料敏化太陽能電池之物性分析與長效性量測..............................40
4.2摻雜單層石磨烯與氧化鋅對電雙層超級電容器之影響...........................42
4.3熱退火對石墨烯的影響...................................................44
4.4沉積上鉑的導電隔離膜對電雙層超級容器的影響...............................46
4.5膠態電解液與液態電解液之分析............................................48
4.6不同濃度的單層石墨烯對電雙層超級電容器之影響.............................50
4.7使用膠態電解液之電雙層超級電容器長效性分析...............................53
4.8整合元件分析與應用.....................................................56
4.8.1整合元件分析.........................................................56
4.8.2整合元件應用.........................................................57
第五章結論................................................................58
參考文獻..................................................................59
Extended Abstract........................................................64

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