臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

在各行各業中，倉儲被視為生產的必要過程，生產商根據存量來調整生產，下游廠根據存量決定訂單而消費者根據存量決定其購買量，透過調整生產和消費的時間差來維持市場穩定，當市場供大於求時收存；供小於求時投放，在市場上作為調控的使用。但隨著企業的發展，大部分的倉庫都會面臨規模擴大、庫存品類增加、滯銷產品損耗、監管工具缺乏且無法有效、即時、正確流暢的控管下造成工作效率低下的問題。如今市場上的WMS(Warehouse Management System)系統在進行貨物定位時多採用RFID(Radio Frequency IDentification)、UWB(Ultra-wideband)、iBeacon、WiFi及藍芽等定位技術融合MEMS (Microelectromechanical Systems)感測元件作為貨物定位方法，這些定位方法都有造價昂貴且建置時間長的問題，為了降低建置成本及改善誤差的情形，本文使用類似Landmark定位的概念，實作出低建置成本的倉儲管理系統，透過多組LiDAR(light detection and ranging)獲得堆垛車取放貨物行為，配合工業相機向上方拍攝有ID編號的被動式標籤貼紙(QR Code)後迅速的計算出精確的堆垛車位置及方位角，最後經由Websocket協定將資料傳送至伺服器，並將結果以圖形化界面顯示，實現入庫、出庫、盤庫、移庫資訊自動抓取、識別及管理功能。使用此方法建置系統不僅大幅減少建置及維護成本，更可針對客戶業務需求增減定位標籤數量達到快速調整的要求。未來可與上游系統ERP(Enterprise Resource Planning)整合，實現資訊流通自動化，提升倉儲作業的效率。

Warehousing is seen as a necessary process for smooth production in all industries. According to the stock, the producer adjusts the output for which the downstream factory determines the order, and the consumer decides the purchase amount. Market stability is achieved by adjusting the time difference between production and consumption. When the market supply exceeds demand, it will be stored and will be placed in the market if it is surplus. However, most of the warehouses lack of regulatory tools which includes the processing speed and timeline when the company needs to develop rapidly, by managing the products effectively taking immediate actions and correctly activating the fluent control. Currently, the Warehouse Management System in the market uses RFID, UWB, iBeacon, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, MEMS and other methods to locate goods, but these methods are costly and consume a greater time, so this thesis proposes a solution like landmark position, which is a low-cost system reducing the cost by half of previous solutions used by Warehouse Management Systems, it has LiDAR to get information about the behavior of the stacker and uses an industrial camera to quickly calculate the exact position and azimuth angle of the stacker. The industrial camera captures the ID which is a QR-Code pasted on the ceiling determining as a tag. These collected data are transmitted to the server via the Web socket protocol on a Real-time process. Finally, the results are displayed in a graphical interface that contains automatic retrieval, identification and management of inbound and outbound data throughout the history of data collected and transport information. Warehouse in charge people can make use of this solution to increase their processing speed of the warehouse products, determining in the incoming goods and outgoing goods and ensure rapid adjustment throughout the warehouse. In the future, it can be integrated with the upstream system Enterprise Resource Planning to automate information flow and improve warehouse operation efficiency.

摘要......i
Abstract......ii
誌謝......iii
目錄......iv
表目錄......vi
圖目錄......vii
第一章 緒論......1
1.1 研究動機與目的......1
1.2 研究方法......1
1.3 論文內容大綱......2
第二章 相關技術探討......3
2.1 QR Code技術......3
2.1.1 QR Code結構......3
2.1.2 QR Code規格......5
2.1.3 QR Code讀取速度......6
2.2 網頁應用......7
2.2.1 用戶端......7
2.2.2 伺服器端......8
2.2.3 開發環境......9
2.3 WebSocket技術......10
2.3.1 HTTP......10
2.3.2 WebSocket特點......11
2.3.3 WebSocket運行行為......12
2.3.4 交握協定......12
2.3.5 瀏覽器支援......13
2.4 倉儲管理系統......14
2.4.1 管理單元......14
2.4.2 倉儲活動......15
2.5 Open CV影像處理介紹......16
2.5.1 影像讀寫......16
2.5.2 前置處理......16
2.5.3 邊緣檢測......17
第三章 系統架構......18
3.1 倉儲管理系統架構......18
3.2 定位系統設計......19
3.3 貨物標籤設計......21
3.4 網頁設計......22
第四章 系統設計與實作......23
4.1 實驗場域......23
4.2 定位系統設計......24
4.2.1 控制設備......27
4.2.2 雷射雷達......28
4.2.3 定位標籤......29
4.2.4 貨物標籤......30
4.2.5 工業相機......31
4.3 定位系統實作......34
4.3.1 標籤解碼......34
4.3.2 行進方向計算......37
4.3.3 貨物裝卸行為判斷......39
4.3.4 資料上傳......40
4.3.5 開關機事件......41
4.4 Web Service & API設計......43
4.4.1 Web Service設計......43
4.4.2 MySQL設計......46
4.4.3 API設計......48
第五章 系統測試與效能分析......50
5.1 系統實測......50
5.1.1 定位系統運行實測......50
5.1.2 Web Service運作......52
5.2 效能實測......54
5.2.1 補光的流明數對影像品質的影響......54
5.2.2 移動讀取標籤效能......55
5.2.3 快門時間比較......56
5.2.4 減震器改善比較......57
第六章 結論與未來展望......58
參考文獻......59
附錄A......61
Extended Abstract......63

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