臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

我國在1989年9月起台北車站地下化啟用營運，2007年初台灣高速鐵路亦正式營運，而其中有三個車站為地下化車站(台北，板橋，桃園)，有鑒於世界各國屢有發生地下車站失火造成嚴重人員傷亡及財物損失，且地下化車站或隧道皆處於近封閉的狀態，平日交通流量大及大眾聚集，往往發生災害都變的很難收拾，若防火設施設計不當或失靈，亦將嚴重危害更多無辜生命。
本論文以數值模擬軟體FDS ( Fire Dynamics Simulator )，針對台灣高速鐵路桃園青埔車站地下月台進行案例分析。首先以FDS進行無防火措施模擬，再以現有的防火設施進行模擬比對，對於火災發生時之流場，溫度場及煙霧濃度作三維模擬分析，分析模擬結果所得之速度，溫度及一氧化碳濃度分布和相關的能見度及熱輻射強度來驗證車站排煙系統之設計性能是否能符合NFPA130所建議之逃生環境標準。
根據模擬結果可得知，由於月台部分採用分區排煙系統設計，而此設計可集中排煙風機的抽風能力，能針對特定區域進行排煙，集中排煙效果，因此可降低煙流影響逃生避難速度，增加人員逃生的時間。

In Taiwan, the underground Taipei railway station began to operate in September, 1989. At the beginning of 2007, Taiwan high-speed railroad (HSR) also started the transportation business formally, among which there are three underground stations (Taipei, Pan Chiao, Tao Yuan). According to the information from various countries, the underground station sometimes fire accident occurred and caused serious personnel casualties and belongings loss. Moreover, the underground station or the tunnel is at nearly close condition, in normal time the traffic flow is big and the populace gathered, that often easy to cause the disaster but very difficult to rescue, and if the fire control design is improper or malfunction, it will severely impair the innocent life.
The paper uses numerical simulation software FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator), to make a case analysis of the HSR Tao Yuan Chingpu station underground platform. First, the non-fire equipments simulation made by FDS, then compared to the simulation with the existing fire equipments, and three dimensional simulation analysis had been used to discuss flow field, temperature field and smog density. The expanding speed, temperature and carbon monoxide density distribution, and the related visibility and heat radiation intensity had been analyzed to confirm the designed exhaust system of the station whether can conform to the escape environment standard that was suggested by the NFPA130.
According to the simulating result that indicates part of the platform divides some district to design the exhaust system, and this design is capable to exhaust the smoke flow region by region, and can reduce the smoke flow that influence to escape speed, increases the time for people escape.

目錄
中文摘要………………….……………………………………..……………………….i
英文摘要………………….………………………………………..……………………ii
誌謝………………………………………………………………..……………………iii
目錄………………………………………………………………..……………………iv
表目錄……………………..……………………………………..……………..………vi
圖目錄…………………………………………………………..…………………...…vii
符號說明………………...………………………………..……..………………………x
第一章 緒論
1.1 研究動機與目的………………...……….…………………………………1
1.2 研究方法………………………...……….…………………………………3
1.3 研究流程………………………...……….…………………………………7
1.4 研究內容……………………….……….…………………………………11
第二章 車站介紹及FDS的理論基礎
2.1 桃園青埔車站月台介紹……………….…………………….……………14
2.2 資料收集與案例描述…………………….………………….……………16
2.3 FDS模擬場模式數值模型……………….…………………..……………20
2.4 FDS模擬場模式數值模型……………….…………………..……………39
2.5 格點獨立性測試驗證…………………….………………….……………43
2.6 詳細流程規劃和介紹……………………….……………….……………46
2.7 起火煙流結果彙整………………………….……………….……………47
第三章 相關防火法規評估及火災情境模擬
3.1 相關防火法規…………………………………….….……………………48
3.2 歷史案例回顧與探討…………………………….….……………………51
3.3 煙控相關法規探討……………………………….….……………………53
3.4 火災相關研究…………………………………….…….…………………56
第四章 煙流數值分析
4.1 數值分析………………………………….…………….…………………60
4.2 連續方程式……………………………….…………….…………………60
4.3 能量守恆方程式………………………….…………….…………………61
4.4 質傳方程式……………………………….…………….…………………62
4.5 紊流效應………………………………….…………….…………………62
4.6 離散化:矩型格點………………………...……………..…………………65
4.7 擴散項( Diffusion Terms ) ……………………….…….…………………65
4.8 移流項( Advection Terms ) …………………………….…………………66
4.9 時間步階(Time Stepping )的程序A 向前差分法………..………………67
4.10 源生項…………………………………………………….………...……68
第五章 模擬分析與彙整
5.1 FDS模擬結果…………………..…………………….……….…………69
5.2 火災情境模擬分析…………….…………………….……………………90
5.3 消防設施起用之煙控分析…….…………………….……………………95
5.4 火災情境模擬結果彙整討論….…………………….……………………98
第六章 防火模擬結論與建議
6.1 防火模擬結論………………………………………….…………..………100
6.2 建議……………………………………...…………………………………100
後續研究……………..…………………….…………………………………………102
參考文獻………………..………………….…………………………………………103
口試委員問題…………….……………….…………………………….……………106

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